Sex and the Developing Brain: Second Edition (Colloquium the Developing Brain)

Sprache: Englisch

Verlag: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, 2017

161504728X / 9781615047284

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8vo (23.5 cm), XI, 139 pp. Laminated wrappers. Synopsis: The brains of males and females, men and women, are different, that is a fact. What is debated is how different and how important are those differences. Sex differences in the brain are determined by genetics, hormones, and experience, which in humans includes culture, society, and parental and peer expectations. The importance of nonbiological variables to sex differences in humans is paramount, making it difficult if not impossible to parse out those contributions that are truly biological. The study of animals provides us the opportunity to understand the magnitude and scope of biologically based sex differences in the brain, and understanding the cellular mechanisms provides us insight into novel sources of brain plasticity. Many sex differences are established during a developmental sensitive window by differences in the hormonal milieu of males versus females. The neonatal testis produces large amounts of testosterone which gains access to the brain and is further metabolized into active androgens and estrogens which modify brain development. Major parameters that are influenced by hormones include neurogenesis, cell death, neurochemical phenotype, axonal and dendritic growth, and synaptogenesis. Variance in these parameters results in sex differences in the size of particular brain regions, the projections between brain regions, and the number and type of synapses within particular brain regions. The cellular mechanisms are both region and endpoint specific and invoke many surprising systems such as prostaglandins, endocannabinoids, and cell death proteins. Epigenetic modifications to the genome both establish and maintain sex differences in the brain and behavior. By understanding when, why, and how sex differences in the brain are established, we may also learn the source of strong gender biases in the relative risk and severity of numerous neurological diseases and disorders of mental health. Boys are much more likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum or attention and hyperactivity disorders, as well as speech and language deficits, compared to girls. By contrast, women are more likely to suffer from affective disorders, such as depression, anxiety, compulsion, and eating disorders and more likely to experience autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. Schizophrenia with an early onset is more common in males but a late-onset version is markedly more frequent in females. Male biased disorders have origins in development while female biased disorders are almost exclusively post-puberty. This remarkable shift in disease risk demands our attention. Novel insights into the biological origins of disease are also gained by comparing and contrasting the same processes in different sexes.…

Bestandsnummer des Verkäufers 008494

Titel
Sex and the Developing Brain: Second Edition (Colloquium the Developing Brain)
Autor
McCarthy, Margaret M.
Verlag
Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences
Veröffentlichungsjahr
2017
Zustand
New
Einband
Soft cover
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN-10
161504728X
ISBN-13
9781615047284
Ausgabe
2. Auflage
Verkäuferkataloge
Biology

Leopolis

Kraków, Polen

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AbeBooks-Verkäufer/-in seit 6. Januar 2016

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Specializing in mathematical sciences, Church Slavonic and Slavic books, Eastern European history, travels and topography, bibliography, history and art of the book, history of libraries and collections

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