Risky Business: Communicating Issues of Science, Risk, and Public Policy (Contributions to the Study of Mass Media and Communications)

The fifteen chapters in this volume deal with science, medicine, technology, disaster, and hazard coverage by the media from the perspectives of sociology, psychology, philosophy, and journalism. Written for the active reader who is concerned about the issues and willing to begin the work necessary to bring about change, the volume suggests ways in which journalists, policy makers, and citizens can work to correct some of the more pervasive problems of media coverage of science. In her foreword, Dorothy Nelkin examines the images of science and technology that are conveyed through the media and discovers the dominant theme to be that of scientists as problem solvers, authorities, and the ultimate source of truth. Scientists are seen as pursuing an arcane activity that is both above normal human understanding and beyond criticism. Nelkin ends her overview by posing two questions that the succeeding chapters address: Why is science writing so uncritical of science, and why are scientists so critical of the press? The goal of the first segment of the book is the recognition that media coverage of science follows certain predictable patterns and that those patterns will not change unless journalists critically examine their work. The second half of the book looks at the decision making process involved in judgments about what and how to publicize and what to keep secret.

Three early chapters provide a critique of the concept of risk communication, the one-way transmission of information about various risks in the environment from the expert, scientific community to the lay public. Media performance is the subject of three chapters that explore research on a diversity of topics, from the reporting of medicine and health to media coverage of disasters and natural disasters in both the United States and Japan. The influence of individuals who serve as sources and the mandates of professional norms are revealed as the two major factors in science reporting. The next two chapters address the issues of secrecy and disclosure focusing on airline and airport safety and media coverage of military science and technology. Chapter nine tackles the problem of media coverage of organ donations and transplants. Then using as a base an analysis of media coverage of the greenhouse effect in 1987 and 1988, editors Lee Wilkins and Philip Patterson explain when and how certain issues and events find a political symbol. Chapter eleven, Disasters and the Making of Political Careers, offers both analysis of the politics of disaster and advice for journalists and politicians about how they can and cannot expect to cope with disastrous events. In the final chapter, Wilkins and Patterson address Nelkin's original questions. These pages make important reading for journalists and other media specialists, politicians, policy makers, and members of the scientific community. This book is also an excellent choice for supplemental reading lists for courses in journalism and communications.

LEE WILKINS is a Professor and Associate Dean, School of Journalism, University of Missouri, Columbia. She authored Shared Vulnerability: Media Coverage and Public Perception of the Bhopal Disaster and Wayne Morse: A Bio-Bibliography (Greenwood Press, 1987 and 1985, respectively).

PHILIP PATTERSON is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Communications Department, Oklahoma Christian University. He specializes in mass-media ethics, media coverage of science, and political communication. He has been published widely in various communications journals.