Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations

This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.

• Front Matter
• I: Committee Summary and Recommendations
• 1 A Review of the Physiology and Nutrition in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments
• 2 Committee on Military Nutrition Research Recommendations and Conclusions
• II: Background and Introduction to theTopic
• 3 Cold Weather and High-Altitude Nutrition: Overview of the Issues
• 4 Leadership Insights for Military Operations in Cold Weather and at High Altitudes
• 5 Cold-Weather Field Feeding: Military Rations
• 6 Feeding the US Army Sixth Infantry Division (Light) in the Cold
• Part II Discussion
• III: The Cold Environment
• 7 The Physiology of Cold Exposure
• 8 Military Schedules vs. Biological Clocks
• 9 Influence of Cold Stress on Human Fluid Balance
• 10 Muscle Metabolism and Shivering During Cold Stress
• 11 Macronutrient Requirements for Work in Cold Environments
• 12 Cold Exposure, Appetite, and Energy Balance
• 13 Effects of Cold and altitude on Vitamin and Mineral Requirements
• 14 Micronutrient Deficiency States and Thermoregulation in the Cold
• 15 Drug-Induced Delay of Hypothermia
• Part III Discussion
• IV: The High-Terrestrial Environment
• 16 The Physiology of High-Altitude Exposure
• 17 Physical Performance at High Altitudes
• 18 Fluid Metabolism at High Altitudes
• 19 Maintenance of Body Weight at High Altitudes: In Search of 500 kcal/day
• 20 Energy and Macronutrient Requirements for work at High Altitudes
• 21 Oxidative Stress at High Altitudes and Effects of Vitamin E
• Part IV Discussion
• V: Performance in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments
• 22 Effets of Altitue on Cognitive Performance and Mood States
• 23 Food Components and Other Treatments That May Enhance Mental Performance at High Altitudes and in the Cold
• General Discussion
• Appendixes
• A: Environmental Stress Management at High Altitudes by Adaptogens, summary of unpublished manuscript
• B: Biographical Sketches
• C: Abbreviations
• D: Factors Related to Nutritional Needs in Cold and in High-Altitude Environments- A Selected Bibliography
• Index