Neuware - In recent years, the use of illegal substances has increased, particularly 'designer' drugs which have rapidly become part of youth culture. The need for all involved in drug control to have up to date information about the subject has never been greater. This book helps meet this need by providing a chemical background to the legal controls on drugs of abuse. Although focussed on the UK, some of the provisions of the Misuse of Drugs Act derive from international treaties; the discussion of technical aspects is therefore of wider relevance. Apart from the Act itself, the book also deals with certain aspects of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations. There is detailed coverage of 'designer drugs' and the generic legislation that was introduced to tackle them. The more recent addition of 35 'Ecstasy'-like substances is covered in depth. The significance to the legislation of terms such as salt, base, stereoisomer, ester, ether, derivative, homologue and isotope are described, and the text is supplemented by 23 Tables and over 80 chemical structures. There are eleven Appendices covering topics such as precursor chemicals, related legislation, stated cases, sentencing guidelines and the chemical characteristics of commonly-abused drugs. Up-to-date lists of controlled drugs, with cross references to their status in UN treaties, are provided and a number of pending and other possible changes to the Act are included together with a guide to nomenclature and synonyms. Although primarily aimed at forensic scientists, this book will be of great benefit to all bodies concerned with drug control, including the police, customs officers, lawyers and government departments.

Bestandsnummer des Verk�ufers 9780854046256

Verk�ufer kontaktieren

Diesen Artikel melden

Bibliografische Details

Titel: Misuse of Drugs Act : A Guide for Forensic Scientists
Verlag: Royal Society Of Chemistry Jan 2003
Erscheinungsjahr: 2003
Sprache: Englisch
ISBN-10: 0854046259
ISBN-13: 9780854046256
Einband: Taschenbuch
Zustand: Neu
Abmessungen: Breite: 216 mm, H�he: 140 mm, Tiefe: 8 mm
Gewicht: 173 Gramm

�ber diesen Titel

Inhaltsangabe

In recent years, the use of illegal substances has increased, particularly 'designer' drugs which have rapidly become part of youth culture. The need for all involved in drug control to have up to date information about the subject has never been greater. This book helps meet this need by providing a chemical background to the legal controls on drugs of abuse. Although focussed on the UK, some of the provisions of the Misuse of Drugs Act derive from international treaties; the discussion of technical aspects is therefore of wider relevance. Apart from the Act itself, the book also deals with certain aspects of the Misuse of Drugs Regulations. There is detailed coverage of 'designer drugs' and the generic legislation that was introduced to tackle them. The more recent addition of 35 'Ecstasy'-like substances is covered in depth. The significance to the legislation of terms such as salt, base, stereoisomer, ester, ether, derivative, homologue and isotope are described, and the text is supplemented by 23 Tables and over 80 chemical structures. There are eleven Appendices covering topics such as precursor chemicals, related legislation, stated cases, sentencing guidelines and the chemical characteristics of commonly-abused drugs. Up-to-date lists of controlled drugs, with cross references to their status in UN treaties, are provided and a number of pending and other possible changes to the Act are included together with a guide to nomenclature and synonyms. Although primarily aimed at forensic scientists, this book will be of great benefit to all bodies concerned with drug control, including the police, customs officers, lawyers and government departments.

Auszug. � Genehmigter Nachdruck. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

The Misuse of Drugs Act

A Guide for Forensic Scientists

By L.A. King

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Chapter 1 Introduction, 1, 
Chapter 2 Schedule 2 to the Act, 7, 
Chapter 3 Generic Controls: Miscellaneous, 18, 
Chapter 4 Generic Controls: Substance-specific, 25, 
Chapter 5 Generic Controls: Group-specific, 29, 
Chapter 6 Nomenclature, 38, 
Chapter 7 'Designer' Drugs, 45, 
Chapter 8 Miscellaneous Issues, 65, 
Chapter 9 Future Developments, 73, 
Bibliography, 86, 
Subject Index, 111,

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Possession is not nine-tenths of the law - it's nine-tenths of the problem.

John Lennon

1.1 DRUG ABUSE

Drugs, whose possession or supply is restricted by law, are known as controlled or scheduled substances. They comprise both licit materials (i.e. those manufactured under licence for therapeutic use) and the illicit products of clandestine factories. Although many plant-based drugs have been self-administered for thousands of years (e.g. coca leaf, cannabis, opium, peyote cactus), the imposition of criminal sanctions is mostly a product of the 20th century. Many of the drugs currently abused were once not only on open sale, but often promoted as beneficial substances by the food and pharmaceutical industries. A pattern developed whereby initial misuse of pharmaceutical products such as morphine, cocaine and amphetamine led to increasing legal restrictions and the consequent rise of an illicit industry. Nowadays, nearly all serious drug abuse involves illicitly-produced substances. Most fall into just a few pharmacological groups, e.g. central nervous system stimulants, narcotic analgesics, hallucinogens (psychotomimetics) and hypnotics. It is still true that the most prevalent drugs are the plant-derived or semi-synthetic substances (e.g. cannabis, cocaine and heroin), but the view of the United Nations Drug Control Programme is that wholly synthetic drugs (e.g. amphetamine, MDMA and related designer drugs) are likely to pose a more significant social problem in the future. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), scheduled drugs are 'abused' rather than 'misused', but in the following text the two terms are used synonymously. Drugs of abuse may or may not lead to physical or psychological 'dependence': a term used by WHO in preference to 'addiction'.

On the basis of a recent Home Office survey (Drug Misuse Declared in 2000 - see Bibliography), a third of the adult population in the United Kingdom (UK) admits to having used a controlled drug at least once in their lives; fewer than 10% use drugs on a regular basis and for the great majority of these the drug involved is cannabis. The next most common drugs are amphetamine, cocaine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphe-tamine (MDMA). Seizure data from police and customs show a broadly similar pattern. There are currently over 100 000 arrests each year in the UK for drug offences, again the majority involving cannabis. In Europe, it is estimated that 0.2-0.3% of the population are regular heroin users. With few exceptions, the scale of drug abuse has steadily increased in most countries, but it is still predominantly associated with younger members of the population. Mortality from drug abuse has risen rapidly and is largely associated with opiates.

1.2 UK DRUG CONTROL LEGISLATION BEFORE 1971

Apart from the Pharmacy Act of 1868, which restricted the sale of opium, the modern period of drug control started in the early 20th century. Following the Poisons and Pharmacy Act 1908 and the Shanghai Opium Commission in 1909, further restrictions were introduced on cocaine, morphine and opium. More controls on a wider range of substances were introduced by the successive Dangerous Drugs Acts of 1920, 1925, 1951 and 1964. Synthetic amphetamine-like drugs entered the legislation in the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act (DPMA) 1964, and a Modification Order in 1966 added lysergide (LSD) to the DPMA. The Dangerous Drugs Act 1965 consolidated previous legislation.

The first attempts to introduce structure-related generic control into UK drugs law were made with the DPMA of 1964. This contained a statement intended to cover a range of synthetic stimulants. The key feature was a definition of certain side-chain substitution patterns in α-methylphenethylamine (amphetamine) and β-methylphenethylamine. While this did indeed encompass compounds such as phentermine, methylphenidate and diethylpropion, it soon became clear that a refined interpretation of the generic statement unwittingly included dozens of drugs that were not stimulants. In fact, it could be argued that some barbiturates were also covered. This generic control was repealed by a Modification Order in 1970. Following this early failure, it would be some years before generic control of phenethylamines again entered the legislation. But this time (1977), the focus would be on ring-substituted phenethylamines, it would be much more robust and would be followed by generic controls for several other groups.

1.3 THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTIONS

In international law, controls on drugs of abuse are set out in three United Nations (UN) treaties: The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 (UN1961), the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 (UN1971) and The Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988 (UNI988). These treaties are implemented in domestic laws by signatory states, and have been considerably extended in some. In the UK, the corresponding legislation is the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Since the inception of the UN conventions, numerous substances have been added to the Schedules, particularly those of the 1971 treaty.

In the 1961 convention, there is a strong emphasis on plant-based drugs (i.e. cannabis, opium and cocaine), with rules for their cultivation, manufacture and trade. In addition, over 100 other substances, mostly synthetic narcotic analgesics, are included, but only a few of these are now used clinically or ever abused. More than 100 psychotropic substances are listed in the 1971 convention, but again only a small fraction is regularly abused. Unlike the treaty of 1961, there is no overarching control of the stereoisomers of psychotropic drugs. Thus in Schedule I, amphetamine, meaning both the (-) and the (+) enantiomers, is listed together with dexamphetamine [the (+) enantiomer of amphetamine] and levamphetamine [the (-) enantiomer] while methamphetamine, meaning the (+) enantiomer, is listed alongside methamphetamine racemate [a mixture of the (-) and (+) enantiomers]. These examples, and the situation whereby the stereochemical configuration of many other substances was left unspecified, has lead to some confusion, but the UN has recently moved to rationalise this matter. These problems have been avoided in the Misuse of Drugs Act by the inclusion of the stereo-isomers of almost all controlled drugs (see Chapter 3).

1.4 PRINCIPLES OF CURRENT UK LEGISLATION

The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 replaced The Dangerous Drugs Act 1965 and the DPMA 1964 and introduced the concept of 'controlled drugs'. These are defined as those substances or products set out in Schedule 2. The Misuse of Drugs Act, which came into effect in 1973, set up an 'Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs' whose terms of reference include a statement of what might...

��ber diesen Titel� kann sich auf eine andere Ausgabe dieses Titels beziehen.

Anbieterinformationen

Das Unternehmen AHA-BUCH GmbH: Seit der Gr�ndung von AHA-BUCH im Juli 2005 ist unser Hauptziel, zufriedenen Kunden so schnell und so preisg�nstig wie m�glich ihren B�cherwunsch zu erf�llen. Unsere Firma besch�ftigt 16 Mitarbeiter, die nur ein Ziel kennen: den Kunden und seine W�nsche! Auf �ber 3700 m2 Fl�che haben wir �ber 100.000 B�cher, Modernes Antiquariat und Spiele auf Lager.

Zur Homepage des Verk�ufers

Unternehmensdaten des Verk�ufers

AHA-BUCH GmbH
Garlebsen 48, Einbeck, 37574, Germany

Gesch�ftsbedingungen und Versandinformationen

Verkaufsbedingungen

Allgemeine Gesch�ftsbedingungen und Kundeninformationen / Datenschutzerkl�rung

I. Allgemeine Gesch�ftsbedingungen

� 1 Grundlegende Bestimmungen

(1) Die nachstehenden Gesch�ftsbedingungen gelten f�r alle Vertr�ge, die Sie mit uns als Anbieter (AHA-BUCH GmbH) �ber die Internetplattformen AbeBooks und/oder ZVAB schlie�en. Soweit nicht anders vereinbart, wird der Einbeziehung gegebenenfalls von Ihnen verwendeter eigener Bedingungen widersprochen.

(2) Verbraucher im Sinne der nachstehenden Regelungen...

Mehr Information

Widerrufsrecht

Wenn Sie Verbraucher sind, k�nnen Sie gem�� den folgenden Bestimmungen vom Vertrag zur�cktreten. Verbraucher ist jede nat�rliche Person, die zu Zwecken handelt, die nicht ihrer kaufm�nnischen, gewerblichen, k�nstlerischen oder beruflichen T�tigkeit zugerechnet werden k�nnen.

Informationen zum Widerrufsrecht

Gesetzliches Widerrufsrecht

Sie haben das Recht, den Vertrag innerhalb von 14 Tagen ohne Angabe von Gr�nden zu widerrufen.

Die Widerrufsfrist betr�gt 14 Tage ab dem Tag, an dem Sie oder ein von Ihnen benannter Dritter, der nicht der Transporteur ist, die letzte Ware oder den letzten Posten oder das letzte Exemplar in Besitz genommen hat.

Um das Widerrufsrecht auszu�ben, f�llen Sie auf unserer Website unter „Meine Eink�ufe" in „Mein Nutzerkonto" eine eindeutige Erkl�rung elektronisch aus und senden Sie sie ab. Wir werden Ihnen unverz�glich eine Best�tigung �ber den Eingang eines solchen Widerrufs auf einem dauerhaften Datentr�ger (z. B. per E-Mail) �bermitteln.

Um die Widerrufsfrist einzuhalten, reicht es aus, dass Sie Ihre Mitteilung �ber die Aus�bung des Widerrufsrechts vor Ablauf der Widerrufsfrist absenden.

Auswirkungen des Widerrufs

Wenn Sie diesen Vertrag widerrufen, erstatten wir Ihnen alle Zahlungen, die wir von Ihnen erhalten haben, einschlie�lich der Lieferkosten (mit Ausnahme der zus�tzlichen Kosten, die entstehen, wenn Sie eine andere Art der Lieferung als die von uns angebotene g�nstigste Standardlieferung gew�hlt haben).

Wir k�nnen einen Abzug von der R�ckerstattung f�r den Wertverlust der gelieferten Waren vornehmen, wenn der Verlust auf eine unn�tige Behandlung durch Sie zur�ckzuf�hren ist.

Wir werden die R�ckerstattung unverz�glich und nicht sp�ter als 14 Tage nach dem Tag vornehmen, an dem wir �ber Ihre Entscheidung, diesen Vertrag zu widerrufen, informiert wurden.

F�r die R�ckerstattung verwenden wir dasselbe Zahlungsmittel, das Sie f�r die urspr�ngliche Transaktion verwendet haben, es sei denn, Sie haben ausdr�cklich etwas anderes vereinbart; in keinem Fall werden Ihnen aufgrund einer solchen R�ckerstattung Geb�hren berechnet.

Wir k�nnen die R�ckzahlung verweigern, bis wir die Waren wieder zur�ckerhalten haben oder Sie den Nachweis erbracht haben, dass Sie die Waren zur�ckgesandt haben, je nachdem, was eher eintritt.

Sie m�ssen die Waren unverz�glich und in jedem Fall sp�testens 14 Tage ab dem Tag, an dem Sie uns �ber den Widerruf dieses Vertrags unterrichten, an AHA-BUCH GmbH, Einbeck, Germany, zur�cksenden oder �bergeben. Die Frist ist eingehalten, wenn Sie die Ware vor Ablauf der Frist von 14 Tagen zur�cksenden. Sie m�ssen die direkten Kosten der R�cksendung der Waren tragen. Sie haften nur f�r einen etwaigen Wertverlust der Waren, der auf eine Behandlung zur�ckzuf�hren ist, die nicht zur Pr�fung der Art, Eigenschaften und Funktionsweise der Waren erforderlich ist.

Ausnahmen vom Widerrufsrecht

Das Widerrufsrecht gilt nicht f�r:

Die Lieferung von Zeitungen, Zeitschriften oder Magazinen mit Ausnahme von Abonnementvertr�gen; und
Die Lieferung digitaler Inhalte, die nicht auf einem physischen Medium (z. B. auf einer CD oder DVD) geliefert werden, wenn Sie bei Ihrer Bestellung akzeptiert haben, dass wir mit der Lieferung beginnen k�nnen und dass Sie nach Beginn der Lieferung den Vertrag nicht mehr widerrufen k�nnen.

Versandbedingungen

Wir liefern Lagerartikel innerhalb von 24 Stunden nach Erhalt der Bestellung aus.
Barsortimentsartikel, die wir �ber Nacht geliefert bekommen, am darauffolgenden Werktag.
Unser Ziel ist es Ihnen die Artikel in der �konomischten und effizientesten Weise zu senden.

Versandkosten von Deutschland nach USA

Versandkosten von Deutschland nach USA
Bestellmenge	30 bis 40�Werktage	7 bis 14�Werktage
Erster Artikel	EUR 60.87	EUR 70.87

Die Versandzeiten werden von den Verk�uferinnen und Verk�ufern festgelegt. Sie variieren je nach Versanddienstleister und Standort. Sendungen, die den Zoll passieren, k�nnen Verz�gerungen unterliegen. Eventuell anfallende Abgaben oder Geb�hren sind von der K�uferin bzw. dem K�ufer zu tragen. Die Verk�uferin bzw. der Verk�ufer kann Sie bez�glich zus�tzlicher Versandkosten kontaktieren, um einen m�glichen Anstieg der Versandkosten f�r Ihre Artikel auszugleichen.

Impressum & Info zum Verk�ufer

Zahlungsarten

Vorauskasse PayPal Bank�berweisung

Zu Kaufgesuchen hinzuf�gen

Verwandte Artikel zu Misuse of Drugs Act : A Guide for Forensic Scientists

Misuse of Drugs Act : A Guide for Forensic Scientists

Leslie A King

Neu - Softcover

Beschreibung