The Mathematics of Language

TheAssociationforMathematicsofLanguage(MOL)istheACLspecialinterest groupdedicated to the study of MathematicalLinguistics. After its ?rst meeting in 1984, the association has been organizing meetings on a biennial basis since 1991, with locations usually alternating between Europe and the USA. This volume contains a selection of 19 papers that were presented in c- tributed talks at the 10th meeting at UCLA, Los Angeles, in 2007 and the 11th meetingattheUniversityofBielefeld,Germany,in2009. Itfurthermorecontains threepapersofinvitedspeakersfromthesemeetings. LikeeachMOLproceedings volume, this collection re?ects studies in a wide range of theoretical topics rel- ing to language and computation that the association is devoted to supporting, including papers on the intersection of computational complexity, formal l- guage theory, proof-theory, and logic as well as phonology, lexical semantics, syntax, and typology. This volume is hence of interest not only to mathem- ical linguists but to logicians, theoretical and computational linguists, and to computer scientists alike. It therefore ?ts very well in the Springer FoLLI/LNAI series and we are grateful to Michael Moortgat for suggesting this series as a place of publication. We would furthermore like to thank everyone who played a role in making thesemeetingspossibleandhelpedtomakethemasuccess,suchasthereviewers, the invited speakers,the contributors,and the people who were involvedin local organization. May 2010 Christian Ebert Gerhard Jager Jens Michaelis Organization MOL10washeldattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,duringJuly28 30, 2007. LocalOrganizers Marcus Kracht University of California, Los Angeles Gerald Penn University of Toronto Edward P.