At the very center of human existence is heritage. Though different, we all have our own. In it, we develop an understanding of self. We’re given an identity, legacy, and roots from which we grow. Our unique culture, tradition, and religious and ritual practices increase our knowledge of who we are. What happens when a people lose their heritage? What is to come of their descendants? Search American history and you’ll discover how the African slaves were stripped of their history, heritage, and identity. Generations later, the descendants of slaves have no idea how special they are. Tiffany Harris, the daughter of slaves, takes the first step to reclaim her identity in her book, Do You Know Who You Are? Decades ago, it was impossible to trace lineage. However, today through new scientific and technological advances, we are able to do so. Tiffany has taken the liberty to trace her roots and give her personal experiences with race and self-discovery. Do You Know Who You Are? is a story of redemption. It is the journey of one woman doing what was once unheard of and sharing her findings with the hope that she will encourage others to find themselves.

Auszug. � Genehmigter Nachdruck. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Do You Know Who You Are?

By Tiffany Harris

AuthorHouse

Abstract, vii, 
Dedication, viii, 
Acknowledgements, ix, 
Prologue, x, 
Chapter 1 Birth of the Racially Ambiguous, 1, 
Chapter 2 Race: Biological or Not? What Science Says, 3, 
Chapter 3 Race and Racism, Prejudice from All Sides, 8, 
Chapter 4 A Closer Look at Genetic Testing, 14, 
Chapter 5 Answering Life Long Questions, 33, 
Chapter 6 I Am Africa, 35, 
Chapter 7 I Am Europe, 44, 
Chapter 8 I Am Oceania, Southeast Asia, and Indigenous America, 50, 
Chapter 9 A New Journey, 54, 
Bibliography:, 57, 
About the Author, 59,

CHAPTER 1

Birth of the Racially Ambiguous

I made my first appearance November 27, 1988. Born the youngest of five children in a Colorado hospital, our family was complete. After years of birthing the boys she so loved, my mother finally had a girl. We were outnumbered, with my father and four boys, but we were a family nonetheless. The funny thing is what happened when my mother first saw me. After some extended time cleaning, and even losing me in the hospital, the nurses laid me in my mother's arms. Though to her surprise, I was as pale as ever, with blonde hair and blue eyes. Something wasn't right. An African American woman and her Middle Eastern-looking husband birthed a white baby. Was this their kid? Had it not been for the hospital bracelet on my ankle and the matching one on her wrist, this place would have had a lawsuit on its hands! My mom thought she was given the wrong baby. I think we're all familiar with those cases of kids being "accidentally" switched at birth. So where did my pale skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes come from?

The thing about DNA is that it is sort of complicated. Many beliefs exist about DNA, and about how a child inherits what from their parents. Science proves DNA and genetic inheritance to be more difficult to understand than we know. For example, if two parents, with two different blood types, have children, then the child may not inherit a blood type identical to either parent. If mom is O, dad is AB, the children may come out with either parent's blood type-or simply A or B. The greatest example of this is my own son. His father is AB, and I am O; our son is A. However, the confusion doesn't end there. Each of our parents gives us two genes. We get one from mom, and one from dad, who each inherited one gene from their mothers and one from their fathers. From this each pass one to their children. Quoted it can be explained this way, "Simply we get these genes from our parents, it is common to share traits with our parents, like blood type. But like I said at the start, that's not always the case. Because we have two copies of the blood type gene and there are three possible versions of this gene, there are six possible combinations. Officially complicated!" Danielle Dondanville, "Eye Color, Hair Color, Bloody Types, and Other Traits," The Tech Museum of Innovation. Web. 6 December 2016. All humans have the same 20,000 or more genes. We're uniquely separated by many versions of these genes. We all have the blood type ABO, and from this blood types A, B, and O. I know what you're thinking, oh, so simply put, all humans have one of the three blood types. No, that's not how it works, as Danielle Dondanville explained. The various versions of blood types can be anything from AA to AO, or AB to O, or anything in between. Sort of complicated, right? Our eye color, skin tone, hair color, and texture are all determined by DNA.

DNA determined that my eyes would be blue, although both of my parents have brown eyes. How is this? Summarized, a number of colors can "lurk" behind the eyes of brown eyed parents. Green, blue, hazel, gray, etc., all can exist in the gene pool of the two. However, in order for a blue eyed child, to come from brown eyed parents, the gene must show up at the "right" time, to produce blue, from brown. If only one parent has the "blue eye" gene, no child will directly inherit baby blues. Still, the children carry the gene to produce blue eyes, in their children. Stanford University's Dr. Barry Star explains further, "This is one way that blue eyes can stay hidden for hundreds of years before making a sudden, dramatic appearance. Only one parent in each generation has blue hidden behind his or her brown. Now, generation after generation, everyone will have brown eyes, and some will have those hidden blues. The blue eyes would keep getting passed down until finally one of the "carriers of blue eyes" had children with another parent that was a carrier, too. Now their children would have a chance at blue eyes." Dr. Barry Star, "Eye Color, Hair Color, Blood Types, and Other Traits" The Tech Museum of Innovations. Web. 3, Dec. 2014. Meaning, my parents, though both brown eyed, are "carriers" for the "blue eyes" gene. The gene showed up at the "right" time, when I was conceived, and thus the answer to my question. The gene was passed, I know, from my paternal grandmother to my father, and on to me. Still, an even more interesting discovery takes us deeper on our quest for the "blue eyes" gene. Que the OCA2! Formerly known as the "P" gene, the OCA2 is the gene that provides instructions for making the P protein. The OCA2 also is responsible for the production of melanin and gives us our hair, skin, and eye color. U.S. National Library of Medicine OCA2 Melanosomal Transmembrane Protein, Web. 19, July 2017. We further discuss the "P" gene in chapter 4.

While this information is amazing, it isn't what the book is about. We've come to understand (to a point) how genes work regarding personal features, but what about our ethnicity? What part does DNA play in our ethnic makeup? How have we come to see ourselves as a color on a social construct, but lost sight of who we are ethnically? All our lives we've been asked to identify ourselves under the banner of "race," but what is race? Is it biological, or a manmade idea? We'll answer this question in chapter 2, as we examine this thing called "race," and why I feel the need to break away from it.

CHAPTER 2

Race: Biological or Not? What Science Says

What is race? Scientists have argued this for quite some time. Is it a social construct, wherein groups of people are classified as having similar heritage (e.g. African Americans having ancestry throughout the continent of Africa)? Or is it a way of classifying people based on biological factors, such as how one may or may not react to some form of medical treatment or a drug. Does it have insight into one group of people's risk factors for contracting certain biological diseases? Dr. Ann Mornings addressed this in her article, "Does Genomes Challenge the Social Construct of Race?" Morning debates the findings of Shiao and his colleagues, regarding the beliefs of "constructionists." Such is described as not being "up to date", with an emphasis on an amendment. While Dr. Mornings does recognize the role of biology in "race", she also argues this is limited, but also gives way to discrimination of some, by others. "In contrast, I submit that the constructionist theory is not blind to the input that human biology can have in racial classification, but that it rejects as empirically unwarranted the genetic determination, or racial categories Shiao et. al.'s (2012) assertion of a "biological basis" (p.68) for race at time implies." Mornings, Ann "Does Genomes Challenge the Social Construction of Race," Sociological Theory 2014....

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