Identity, Gender and Poverty in Indian Tribes : New Perspectives. Dieser Artikel ist nicht verfügbar.Identity, Gender and Poverty in Indian Tribes : New Perspectives

Historically, the Scheduled Tribes (STs) or tribals in India have been the victims of exclusion and marginalisation. Recognising their special needs and interests, the Constitution of India provides various legislative safeguards to protect their social and economic rights. In recent past, the legislation for institutional reform also provides a legal framework to strengthen self-governance among tribals and their control over institutions and functionaries in the social sectors. Moreover, as a part of the progressive policies and special dispensation for tribals, the national government continues to implement a number of special Integrated Tribal Development Programmes (ITDPs) to help improve their living conditions. Most tribes are concentrated in heavily forested areas. Historically, the economies of most tribes depend on agriculture or hunting and gathering forest produces. Tribal members traded with outsiders for the few necessities they lacked, such as salt, cooking utensils and iron, and the like. Their life preserving forests have been invaded by modern civilization. Their identity was intact before intrusion of modern civilization and urban economic developments. Nearly 68 million Tribals lived in India according to the 1991 census but number has now reduced substantially as forests reduced and their dependence on forest resources minimized. Economic and modern life style forced them to come out to get mixed with modern generation, but did not get proper attention and respect of their culture so most of them still live in below poverty line. Most of the tribes communities originated from Dravidian as still speak Dravidian languages. This book will advance the reader’s knowledge and understanding of the challenging issues of Tribes.