Hydraulics of Vacuum Sewerage Systems

This book presents design guidelines and hydraulic calculation methods of vacuum sewage systems in nine chapters. After a short history of vacuum sewerage, this book covers the theoretical basis of multiphase flows; a description of flows through collection pits, valves, and service laterals; empirical approaches for the dimensioning of vacuum pipes; and conceptual, mechanistic, and numerical two-phase flow models, including computational fluid dynamics modeling. In addition, methods for calculating forces on vacuum pipelines and principles of the design of vacuum pumping stations are presented.

Furthermore, it summarizes design principles and calculation methods of two- and three-phase flows in both outdoor and indoor vacuum sewer systems and shows how the systems can be optimized, in particular by reducing their need for electrical energy. In addition to hydraulic methods, principles of structural design of vacuum lines are shown. Each chapter contains worked examples that illustrate the calculation procedures.

This book is intended for designers, constructors, and operators of vacuum sewage systems and for students of fluid mechanics and environmental engineering. The last chapter lists the needs for further research, which may be useful for master's and doctoral students and their supervisors looking for topics for theses.

Ryszard Blazejewski

Born in 1949 in Szczecin (Poland). Education: elementary school , then sanitary equipment technician; academic promotions:

• M.Sc. in irrigation and drainage engineering, 1973, Agricultural University in Poznan (Poland);

• Doctor of technical sciences in hydraulics and engineering hydrology, 1978, Hydro-reclamation Institute, Moscow (USSR);

• habilitated doctor's degree in environmental engineering, 1991 - Cracow University of Technology, (Poland);

• title of professor of technical sciences, 2001.

Research areas: 1973-1991 – energy dissipation and local scour below hydraulic structures, river engineering; after 1991 – rural sanitation, small sewage treatment plants, alternative sewerage systems, two-phase (sedimentation, air-water) and three-phase flows, rainwater management, hydraulics of sewerage devices.

Scientific achievements: author or co-author of approximately 200 articles in journals, 8 books and brochures, 3 patents. Former head of Dept. of Hydraulic and Sanitary Eng. at the Poznan University of Life Sciences, now retired. Supervisor of 9 doctoral theses and 151 master's theses.

Member of the Environmental Engineering Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences, a member of the Committee on Climate, Water Resources and Air Protection at the Great-Poland Branch of the PAS, vice-president for scientific affairs of the Polish Association of Sanitary Engineers and Technicians. Member of editorial teams of the following journals: Communes’ Infrastructure Review, Waterworks and Sewerage, Water Technology.

Radoslaw Matz

Born in 1976 in Poznan (Poland). Education: elementary school , then refrigeration technician; academic promotions:

• M.Sc. in water and sanitary engineering, 2001, Agricultural University in Poznan (Poland);

• Doctor of agricultural sciences in environmental shaping and engineering, 2006, Faculty of Land Reclamation and Environmental Engineering, Agricultural University in Poznan (Poland);

Research areas: 2001-2010 – technical and economic optimization of sewerage systems in rural areas, evaluation of technical condition of sewerage systems; after 2010 – rural sanitation, alternative sewerage systems, two-phase (air-water) flows, hydraulics of sewerage devices with using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), management and modelling of storm water systems.

Present position: assistant professor at the Dept. of Hydraulic and Sanitary Eng. , Poznan University of Life Sciences.

Scientific achievements: author or co-author of approximately 40 articles in journals, 2 books and brochures, 2 patents. Supervisor of 40 master's theses.