Forensic and Legal Medicine: Clinical and Pathological Aspects

A comprehensive and accessible resource covering all aspects of forensic and legal medicine. The text provides a foundation for those working in both the clinical and forensic aspects of care and will also be an asset to those involved in the police or judicial systems. Including clear guidelines for practical applications, and further enhanced by its many illustrations and case examples, this text is a valuable resource in an increasingly complex field. The authoritative work is written by those who have extensive experience for a wide audience including, but not limited to, forensic pathologists, general pathologists, pediatric pathologists, forensic physicians, forensic scientists, coroners, emergency department physicians, judges and legal practitioners.

Chapter 62 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

Jason Payne-James is a Specialist in Forensic and Legal Medicine and is based in the UK. He has been a forensic physician for 30 years. Previously he worked in hospital medicine, predominantly in surgical, trauma and gastroenterological specialties. He has published on a wide range of subjects including injury, wound and scar documentation and interpretation, imaging of injury and scars, clinical and ethical aspects of healthcare in custody, complaints against healthcare professionals, forensic evidence collection, restraint and less-lethal systems, miscarriages of justice, harm and death in custody and torture. He is Honorary Clinical Professor, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London; Lead Medical Examiner – Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust; external Consultant to the UK National Crime Agency; former Editor-in-Chief - Journal of Forensic & Legal Medicine; Member of the Executive Committee, European Council of Legal Medicine; Visiting Professor at the University of Belgrade, Serbia; member of the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on the Medical Implications of Less-Lethal Weapons; member of the International Forensic Expert Group of the International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims. He was President of the Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians, London (2015-2017); President of the World Police Medical Officers (2011-2014). He has co-authored & co-edited a variety of publications including the Encyclopedia of Forensic & Legal Medicine with Roger Byard (1st & 2nd editions); Symptoms and Signs of Substance Misuse (3 editions); he is lead author of the 13th and 14th Editions of Simpson’s Forensic Medicine; he co-authored the Oxford Handbook of Forensic Medicine. He co-edited Age Estimation in the Living Current Practice in Forensic Medicine (1st & 2nd volumes); Monitoring Detention, Custody, Torture and Ill-treatment. He designed the ForensiGraph® and the ForensiDoc® App. He was lead editor on the 1st Edition of Forensic Medicine: Clinical & Pathological Aspects.

Professor Roger Byard AO PSM DSc BMedSci, MB, BS, MMedSci-Paed, PhD, MD, CCFP, FCAP, FRCPC, FRCPath, FRCPA(Hon), FFFLM, FFSc, FAHMS holds the George Richard Marks Chair of Pathology at The University of Adelaide and is a Senior Specialist Forensic Pathologist at Forensic Science SA in Adelaide, Australia. He qualified in medicine in Australia in 1978 (University of Tasmania) and became a licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada in 1982 (LMCC). He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists of the United Kingdom, a Fellow of the College of American Pathologists, a Fellow of the National Association of Medical Examiners in the United States, a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and has a certification in Family Medicine from the Canadian College of Family Physicians. He was a Foundation Fellow of the Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians in the United Kingdom, a Foundation Fellow of the Faculty of Science of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia He has published over 1,000 papers and short communications/letters in peer-reviewed journals and chapters. He coedited Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - Problems, Progress and Possibilities (Arnold, 2001), the two volume Forensic Pathology of Infancy and Childhood (Springer, 2014), SIDS and Sudden Infant Death: the Past, the Present and the Future, (University of Adelaide Press - 2018), and wrote Sudden Death in the Young (3rd ed, Cambridge University Press, 2010 - Japanese language edition 2015). Other general forensic texts include the four volume Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine (2nd ed, Elsevier/Academic Press, 2016), the Atlas of Forensic Pathology (Springer 2012 - Farsi language edition 2015) and Geriatric Forensic Medicine and Pathology (Cambridge University Press, 2020). He has been the Editor-in-Chief/Managing Editor of Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology (Springer Publishers, New York) since 2008. He was awarded the Public Service Medal (PSM) in 2004 for "outstanding service to paediatric pathology", and became an Officer in the Order of Australia (AO) in 2013 for "distinguished service to medicine in the field of forensic pathology". In 2016 he was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences for "distinguished professional achievements and outstanding leadership in a field related to health and medicine". Two years later he also received the John Harbor Phillips Award from ANZPAA/NIFS (National Institute of Forensic Sciences) for "outstanding achievement and excellence in the advancement of the forensic sciences in Australia and New Zealand". He was registered as an Expert with the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the Hague in 2009. In 2016 he was the recipient of the Distinguished Researcher Award from the International Society for the Study and Prevention of Perinatal and Infant Death (ISPID). He received the John Emery Memorial Medal from the Paediatric Pathology Society in the United Kingdom in 2012. He has been invited to give educational forensic workshops/presentations in a number of countries including Argentina, Austria, Canada, China, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Serbia, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Saudi Arabia, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States and Uruguay. He was made an Honorary Member of the College of Forensic and Legal Medicine of Sri Lanka in 2009 and a Visiting Professor at the University of Belgrade, Serbia, in 2017. He was made a Professorial Fellow at The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health in Melbourne, Australia, in 2013, and received Distinguished Alumni Awards from The University of Adelaide in 2013 and the University of Tasmania in 2016. He became a Distinguished Fellow of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia in 2018. Professor Byard's publications can be accessed through: http://scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=J_qQAlEAAAAJ&hl=en http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?dispmax=20&db=pubmed&pmfilter_EDatLimit=added%20to%20PubMed%20in%20the%20last%201%200&cmd_current=Limits&orig_db=PubMed&cmd=Search&term=%20BYARD%2BR&doptcmdl=DocSum