The book introduces concepts on a wide range of materials and has several advantages over existing texts, including: 1. The presentation of a series of scientific postulates and laws of RF and microwaves, which lay the foundation for the behavior of waves and their propagation on transmission lines, is unique to this book compared with similar RF and Microwave texts. 2. The presentation of classical laws and principles of electricity and magnetism, all inter-related, conceptually and graphically. 3. There is a shift of emphasis from rigorous mathematical solutions of Maxwell's equations, and instead has been aptly placed on simple yet fundamental concepts that underlie these equations. This shift of emphasis will promote a deeper understanding of the electronics, particularly at RF/Microwave frequencies. 4. Wave propagation in free space and tramsmission lines has been amply treated from a totally new standpoint. Designing RF/Microwave passive circuits using the Smith Chart as covered in this book becomes a systematic and yet pleasant task, which can easily be duplicated by any practitioner in the field. 5. New technical terms are precisely defined as they are first introduced, thereby keeping the subject matter in focus and preventing misunderstanding, and 6. Finally the abundant use of graphical illustrations and diagrams brings a great deal of clarity and conceptual understanding, enabling difficult concepts to be understood with ease. The fundamentals of RF and microwave electronics can be mastered visually, through many tested practical examples in the book and in the accompanying CD using Microsoft Excel ® environment. This book is perfect for RF/microwave newcomers or industry veterans! The material is presented lucidly and effectively through worked practical examples using both clear-cut math and vivid illustrations, which help the reader gain practical knowledge in passive circuit design using the Smith Chart.
Electronic Waves & Transmission Line Circuit Design
Your Illustrated Guide to Wave EngineeringBy Matthew M. RadmaneshAuthorHouse
Copyright © 2011 Matthew M. Radmanesh, Ph.D.
All right reserved.ISBN: 978-1-4389-6862-9Contents
Preface...................................................................xixAcknowledgements..........................................................xxiiiWhat sets this book apart.................................................xxivPART I THE FUNDAMENTALS...................................................1Chapter 1 THE POSTULATES OF RF & MICROWAVES...............................3Chapter 2 THE DISCOVERY OF FORCE FIELDS...................................35Chapter 3 THE MATHEMATICS OF ELECTRICITY..................................63Chapter 4 THE LAWS OF ELECTROMAGNETICS....................................87PART II PROPAGATION OF WAVES..............................................141Chapter 5 RF & MICROWAVES BASICS..........................................143Chapter 6 PLANE WAVES IN MATERIAL MEDIA...................................169Chapter 7 TRANSMISSION LINE FUNDAMENTALS..................................203Chapter 8 LOSSLESS TRANSMISSION LINES.....................................213Chapter 9 STANDING WAVES & THE SMITH CHART................................247Chapter 10 LOSSY TRANSMISSION LINES.......................................265Chapter 11 LUMPED ELEMENTS ON THE SMITH CHART.............................289Chapter 12 DISTRIBUTED ELEMENTS ON THE SMITH CHART........................303Chapter 13 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF PASSIVE NETWORKS.........................339PART III CIRCUIT DESIGN ESSENTIALS........................................359Chapter 14 LUMPED MATCHING NETWORK DESIGN.................................361Chapter 15 DISTRIBUTED MATCHING NETWORK DESIGN............................385Chapter 16 QUASI-TEM TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN.............................411Chapter 17 TRANSIENTS IN LOSSLESS LINES...................................425PART IV APPENDICES........................................................443Appendix A PHYSICAL CONSTANTS.............................................445Appendix B INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS..................................446Appendix C UNIT PREFIXES & CONVERSIONS....................................447Appendix D GREEK ALPHABETS................................................448Appendix E FRAGMENTED ENERGY FORMS........................................449Appendix F MATERIALS CONSTANTS............................................453Appendix G MATHEMATICAL IDENTITIES........................................457Appendix H CD ROM DOWNLOAD................................................465Appendix I CD ROM DOWNLOAD-ANALYSIS & DESIGN EXAMPLES.....................471Appendix J POWER CALCULATIONS.............................................545Glossary of Technical Terms...............................................553Index.....................................................................587Technical References......................................................593About the Author..........................................................595
Chapter One
The Postulates of RF and Microwaves
1.1 INTRODUCTION
There are very basic concepts that underlie all education in electrical or electronics engineering. Knowing these basic concepts enables one to have a much deeper grasp of the more sophisticated concepts and prevents great amount of confusion and discouragement in studying this subject.
The science of electrical engineering sits squarely on the premises of the science of physics and its fundamental postulates. The science of physics deals with the fundamental building blocks of the whole physical universe, which has been discovered to be composed of matter and energy in constant interaction with each other through a medium called linear space. This constant interaction leads to another factor, i.e., time.
These components will be specifically defined so that the reader may gain familiarity and understand their nature and properties. For example, take a transistor operating in a circuit. This transistor has a mass (semiconductor materials, metal, etc. used in its fabrication) and handles electrical energy (current, voltage, etc.). Furthermore, it is presupposed that it occupies a certain space in which the device exists and also has time built into it due to the interaction of various energy forms with its matter from its inception until now.
To proceed further in our study of electronics we have to have specific definitions of the building blocks of the science of physics, i.e., energy and matter.
1.2 UNDERSTANDING POSTULATES
We need to define the term "postulate" at this stage of our work, because it will be used over and over throughout this book. By "Postulate" we mean, "An assumption or assertion set forth and assumed to be true unconditionally and for all times without requiring proof, especially as a basis for reasoning or future scientific development."
Of course, if postulates are chosen as close as possible to the truth of the situation at hand, then they can be used as a basis for reasoning and, more importantly, as a solid foundation for a workable science.
On the other hand, totally arbitrary postulates can be formed, without any basis in truth or reality of the situation. Adoption of such arbitrary postulates would bring about a field of study, which is totally void of any valid truth or natural laws and would be a constantly shifting subject. The subject would be randomly workable and have a lot of false data.
As an example, one may consider the field of art where the critic, the artist, the reviewer, and the public each have introduced their own arbitrary postulates to create a totally unworkable subject without the discovery of any natural laws. Based on this observation, the following conclusion can be drawn:
In any given subject, the number of arbitrary postulates made in that subject, which have no basis in fact or truth, inversely determine the workability of that subject. Moreover, the lesser the number of arbitrary postulates and the closer they are to truth, the more workable that subject becomes.
Thus we can see that in any given subject, the number of arbitrary postulates made in a subject, which have no basis in fact or truth, inversely determine the workability of that subject. Moreover, the lesser the number of arbitrary postulates and the closer they are to truth, the more workable that subject becomes.
Physics and engineering have become two dominant fields in our highly technical society. There are a series of exact postulates, which have led to the current high degree of workability and successful application techniques and sophisticated technology.
The main postulates that have been discovered by observations of the physical universe can be summarized as:
1) Existence of energy in many forms such as thermal, optical, electrical, magnetic, audio, electromagnetic, etc.
2) Existence of matter in gas, fluid, plasma, and solid forms.
3) Conservation of all forms of energy to hold valid at all times.
4) Conservation of any form of matter under all conditions and at all times (primarily used in classical physics).
5) Existence of a viewpoint to act as a reference point for all subsequent measurements. This postulate is implicit in physics.
6) Existence of a linear space in which to place matter and energy. This is...
