Titel: The Christena Disaster Forty-Two Years Later-Looking Backward, Looking Forward: A Caribbean Story about National Tragedy, the Burden of Colonialism, and the Challenge of Change
Verlag: iUniverse
Erscheinungsjahr: 2013
Sprache: Englisch
ISBN-10: 1475918682
ISBN-13: 9781475918687
Einband: Softcover
Zustand: New

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Inhaltsangabe

On a sunny afternoon in August of 1970, the Eastern Caribbean was, without warning, confronted with a terrible and tragic event. The Christena, a well-used ferry that regularly crossed the eleven-mile expanse between the twin islands if St. Kitts and Nevis sank. The two British colonial societies were suddenly thrown into turmoil, finding themselves unprepared to deal with such sudden tragedy. The ferry was registered to carry 155 passengers, but it was severely overloaded. While ninety-nine people survived that afternoon, nearly 250 other passengers perished disaster. As if their struggle to heal after the tragedy was not taxing enough, the islands had yet more adversity to conquer. However, both societies were determined to overcome that terrible event, even as they fought to achieve greater political independence. Told from the perspective of Whitman T. Browne, PhD, a native if Nevis, who lived on the island at the time of the tragedy. The Christena Disaster Forty-Two Years Later is a moving, firsthand account of how these sister communities banded together, not only to win their political autonomy, but also to overcome their emotional suffering as a result of greater tragedy.

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The CHRISTENA DISASTER FORTY-TWO YEARS LATER—LOOKING BACKWARD, LOOKING FORWARD

A Caribbean Story about National Tragedy, the Burden of Colonialism, and the Challenge of Change

By WHITMAN T. BROWNE

iUniverse, Inc.

Preface 1 A Word of Testimony for the Book About the Boat Once Called 
Christena.................................................................. xi
Preface 2 Recalling A Tragedy............................................. xiv
Preface 3 The Sound of, Christena Sink! Christena Sink! Still 
Reverberates In My Head.................................................... xviii
Preface 4 Documentation of Our History is Crucial......................... xxii
Author's Preface We Have Changed but the Pain and the Emptiness Persist... xxviii
Chapter One Nightmare on the Christena.................................... 1
Chapter Two Of Dreams, Visions and Superstitions.......................... 21
Chapter Three First-Hand Accounts 1....................................... 36
Chapter Four First-Hand Accounts II....................................... 57
Chapter Five Newspaper Reports............................................ 123
Chapter Six Photographic Reflections...................................... 160
Chapter Seven Innocence, Ignorance, and Reality........................... 176
Chapter Eight Politics and the Disaster................................... 190
Chapter Nine Commission of Inquiry Report................................. 211
Chapter Ten Questions That Were Not Answered.............................. 235
Chapter Eleven Riding Out the Storm....................................... 258
Appendix I The Launching of the Christena................................. 280
Appendix II The Labor Spokesman........................................... 282
Appendix III The Labour Spokesman......................................... 285
Appendix IV The Labour Spokesman.......................................... 287
Appendix V List of Persons Identified (One of Original Lists From 1970)... 290
Appendix VI List of Missing Persons: (One of the Original Lists from, 
1970)...................................................................... 293
Appendix VII List of Survivors (One Early List From, 1970)................ 300
Appendix VIII List of Persons Reported Missing (unconfirmed).............. 304
Appendix IX Witnesses Who Gave Evidence Before the Commission............. 305
Appendix X The St. Kitts-Nevis Observer................................... 309
Appendix XI The Kitts-Nevis Observer...................................... 314
Appendix XII St. Kitts-Nevis Observer..................................... 319
Appendix XIII.............................................................. 322
Index...................................................................... 335

CHAPTER 1

Nightmare on the Christena

It was about 3:30 the afternoon of August 1, 1970. The seawas calm, blue, and inviting. A warm Caribbean sun still shonebrightly, as the crowded ferry Christena, loaded with an expectantweekend crowd, swayed, rolled, and danced across the ocean onits usual afternoon run from St. Kitts to Nevis. However, thedie of doom had been cast. The Christena was on its final runbetween the islands, with an illegal passenger load, more thantwice its registered capacity of 155. She would never make thecrossing to Nevis that afternoon. Rather, the ferry suffered a tragicand catastrophic fate when it sank suddenly, tossing everyoneaboard to the mercy of a forever waiting sea. That afternoon, in asudden, unguarded moment, almost 250 persons died a horrific,untimely death.

When the story of the ferry's sinking became known, a blanketof gloom swept over the people of both St. Kitts and Nevis. Theterrible news, combined with the falling shadows of evening,quickly drove the sun and mirth from the lives of Nevisians andKittitians at home, and everywhere else in the world. Everyonehad a relative, friend, or neighbor, who had been snatched awaywith Christena, not to be seen at home, in the villages, on thestreets, at the churches, or on the job again—forever!

Long after the sun returned, the smiles and joyful spirit ofthe people did not. Rather, the shadows and the gloom stayed inthe lives and being of the people. They would not go away! Theemotional shroud brought on by such sudden deaths just wouldnot be lifted. Two entire societies, one on Nevis, the other onSt. Kitts lay dazed, trapped by a common tragedy. So, too, wererelatives and friends throughout the Caribbean and elsewherein the world. Like battered, bruised, and disoriented travelers,they all lay worn, burdened, and groping in shock. Many personsstruggled with fear while others were writhing in anger. Therewere also those among an aching people who dangled dangerouslyon a precipice of insanity. What a time it was for Nevisians andKittitians to find themselves numbed by overpowering gloomand helplessness!

It was Saturday before August Monday, usually a joyfulholiday, since it memorialized the abolition of slavery in theislands, back in 1838. Many persons were beginning to savorthe long summer holiday from school. Weddings were planned.Travel abroad to visit family, friends, and lovers was on the mindsof many. There were also preparations ongoing for horse races onNevis. Other plans for bacchanal were afoot to commemorate thejoyful memory of the freedoms that have come since the abolitionof slavery, and growing dreams of more political empowerment.Many Nevisians had also travelled to St. Kitts to shop, trade, orfor other reasons. August Monday was still two days away.

However, for all those people heading for the ferry thatafternoon, Nevis was now! Some did not want to miss the horseraces scheduled on the island for Monday. Many Kittitians and"people from away," migrants returning home for vacation, alsowanted to be on Nevis. They intended to check out the races, seethe island, and reunite with family and friends—just have a goodtime back home. Despite the ferry's limited passenger capacity(155 passengers), more than 300 persons were waiting to board.They all were bound for Nevis and intended to get there by ferrythat afternoon. Nothing gave a hint of imminent danger. Eventhe calm, blue, waiting sea belied the impending horror about tovisit the islands. Further, harmless-looking ripples caressed thesurface, as the ferry Christena rocked gently at the pier, waitingto receive the long line of Nevis-bound passengers. Some weredressed in bright holiday outfits. Others, such as butchers andhucksters, in work clothes. And, there were those in ordinarydress too. But the three nuns in religious regalia stood out, as thewaiting group began a slow, funeral like march, to the...

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