Abstraction in the Twentieth Century : Total Risk, Freedom, Discipline

Abstraction is undoubtedly the most dramatic development in the history of twentieth-century painting and sculpture. Pioneered in the 1910s by Vasily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, and Piet Mondrian, abstraction radically changed the course of art. it has influenced almost every important twentieth-century Western art movement, including De Stijl, Constructivism, Abstract Expressionism, Minimalism, and Postmodernism, and continues as a tradition still energetically expanded upon today.
Abstract art intends only to be, independent of any reference to the visible, physical world. This simple premise has inspired an extraordinary variety of practices and an equally diverse and compelling body of theoretical interpretations. Some abstract artists have held that this kind of art preserves the individual's uniqueness against a buffeting, all-pervasive material culture, and have claimed for their work a sublime vision; others have denied any meaning altogether. What they have in common is their determination to strip art down to pure expressivity, often manifested in correspondingly pure, formal terms. By eliminating the world of appearances from their works, abstract artists have operated on an aesthetic frontier - what Mondrian called "the edge of the abyss" - and have explored new aesthetic territory with an adventurous spirit that another artist, Eva Hesse, described in 1969 as "total risk, freedom, discipline." For them, abstraction offers a voyage of self-discovery and holds out the possibility of maintaining faith in the power of Art.