An Introduction to the Properties of Engineering Materials - Softcover

Inhaltsangabe

1 | Introduction.- 1.1 The fundamental nature of material properties.- 2 | Atomic Structure.- 2.1 Classification of the elements.- 2.2 Valency.- 2.3 Atomic number.- 2.4 The Bohr-Rutherford atom.- 2.5 The single-electron system.- 2.6 Wave-particle duality.- 2.7 Wave mechanics.- 2.8 Electron states in atoms.- 2.9 Many-electron atoms.- 2.10 Relationship of chemical behaviour to electron structure.- 2.11 X-ray spectra.- 2.12 The bonding between atoms.- 3 | Aggregations of Atoms-The Fluid States.- 3.1 Introduction.- Gases.- 3.2 The behaviour of a gas.- 3.3 Mole.- 3.4 The kinetic theory of gases.- 3.5 Calculation of the pressure of an ideal gas.- 3.6 Energy and velocity of molecules.- 3.7 Maxwellian distribution of velocities.- 3.8 Mean free path.- 3.9 Variation of ? and K with pressure.- 3.10 Deviations from the gas laws.- 3.11 Van der Waals' equation.- 3.12 The properties of van der Waals' equation.- 3.13 Comparison of van der Waals' equation with experiment.- Liquids.- 3.14 The behaviour of liquids.- 3.15 Surface tension.- 3.16 Vapour pressure.- 3.17 Viscosity.- 3.18 Thermal conductivity.- 4 | Aggregations of Atoms-Solids.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 The crystalline state.- 4.3 Space lattices.- 4.4 Crystal systems.- 4.5 Indices of planes.- 4.6 Indices of direction.- 4.7 The common crystal lattices.- 4.8 Face-centred cubic system.- 4.9 Body-centred cubic system.- 4.10 Close-packed hexagonal system.- 4.11 Stacking of close-packed layers.- 4.12 Types of crystal and relation to mechanical properties.- 4.13 Interatomic forces in solids.- 5 | Crystal Growth and Size.- 5.1 Micrographic examination.- 5.2 Formation of liquid drop from vapour.- 5.3 Crystal growth from molten metal.- 5.4 Crystal shapes.- 5.5 Crystal pattern in castings.- 5.6 Grain growth in strain-free solid metal.- 5.7 Grain growth in strained solid metal.- 5.8 Specification of grain size.- 5.9 Growth of single crystals.- 6 | Aggregations of Two Sorts of Atoms-Binary Alloys.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Mixtures of two liquids.- 6.3 Mixtures in the solid state.- 6.4 Solid solutions.- 6.5 Effect of atomic size.- 6.6 Factors controlling substitutional solid solubility.- 6.7 Intermediate compounds.- 6.8 Formulae of intermediate compounds.- 6.9 Phase.- 7 | Equilibrium Diagrams.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Equilibrium diagram for two liquids.- 7.3 Rules for interpreting binary equilibrium diagrams.- 7.4 Equilibrium diagram for the case of complete solid insolubility.- 7.5 Cooling curves.- 7.6 Equilibrium diagram for complete solid solubility.- 7.7 Equilibrium diagram for partial solid solubility.- 7.8 Intermediate compounds.- 7.9 Peritectic reaction.- 7.10 Comparison of eutectic and peritectic reactions.- 7.11 Changes occurring below the solidus.- 7.12 Allotropy.- 7.13 Eutectoid reaction.- 7.14 Peritectoid reaction.- 7.15 Ternary equilibrium diagrams.- 7.16 Ternary system with complete solid solubility.- 7.17 Ternary eutectic system.- 7.18 Rules for phase compositions and quantities in a ternary equilibrium diagram.- 8 | The Iron-carbon System.- 8.1 Allotropic forms of pure iron.- 8.2 Solubility of carbon in iron.- 8.3 Cementite and ledeburite.- 8.4 Modifications of allotropic change temperatures.- 8.5 Eutectoid and peritectic decomposition of austenite.- 8.6 Nomenclature of iron-carbon alloys.- 8.7 Microstructures of steels.- 8.8 Phase-transformation diagrams.- 8.9 Nomenclature of change points.- 8.10 Determination of change points.- 8.11 Cast irons.- 9 | Thermal Energy.- 9.1 Kinetic energy of a gas molecule.- 9.2 Specific heat of a gas.- 9.3 Specific heat of a solid.- 9.4 Experimental results for simple substances.- 9.5 Thermal expansion.- 9.6 Stable and metastable states.- 9.7 A simple example of a metastable state.- 9.8 Activation energy.- 9.9 Maxwell-Boltzmann law.- 9.10 Arrhenius' rate law.- 9.11 Diffusion.- 9.12 Chemical reactions.- 9.13 Thermionic emission.- 10 | The Deformation of Metal Single Crystals.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Geometry of deformation by slip.- 10.3 Deformatio

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