Questions in Daily Urologic Practice: Updates for Urologists and Diagnostic Pathologists - Softcover

Inhaltsangabe

Prostate.- Does a prostatic capsule exist? Pathologists and urologists use the word "capsule" when evaluating the extent of prostatic cancer in prostatectomy specimens.- What is the anatomic structure of the prostate? Where is the transition zone? Where does carcinoma develop? Where does benign prostatic hyperplasia occur?.- What is the clinical significance of perineural invasion reported on prostate needle core biopsy?.- What is the difference between a positive surgical margin and extraprostatic extension in pathology reports of radical prostatectomy? What is the clinical relevance of these findings?.- What is the clinical significance of prostate cancer incidentally discovered in tissue removed to relieve urinary tract obstruction mostly by transurethral resection (stage T1a and T1b cancers)?.- What are the characteristics of transition zone cancer? Is it less aggressive than the non-transition-zone cancer?.- Is there a significant difference in prognosis between Gleason score 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 prostate cancers in radical prostatectomy specimens? What is the prognostic implication of Gleason score 3 + 4 versus 4 + 3 prostate cancer assigned to prostate needle core biopsy specimens?.- A positive surgical margin associated with an extraprostatic extension of prostate carcinoma is a significant risk for disease progression. What, then, is the risk of a positive margin created by an inadvertent surgical incision into cancerous prostate parenchyma?.- What are the neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer? From where are these cells derived? What is the clinical implication of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer?.- What is prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma? How is it clinically and pathologically different from the conventional (acinar) adenocarcinoma?.- What immunohistochemical markers are useful for the diagnosis of prostate cancer?.- When a basal cell-specific marker (34?E12 or p63) is negative in an atypical focus, can the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma be rendered? By the same token, if 34?E12- or p63-positive cells are present, can carcinoma be ruled out?.- How often is cancer detected when serum PSA is elevated? What factors affect the prostate cancer detection rate?.- What is the clinical significance of isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia discovered on a prostate needle core biopsy? How often does it occur? Does its presence predict cancer on a subsequent biopsy? Are there any specific clinical or pathologic findings that favorably predict cancer on a subsequent biopsy?.- What is the clinical significance of a Gleason pattern 4 or 5 tumor found on a prostate needle core biopsy? What impact does a Gleason pattern 4 or 5 tumor have on the prognosis after radical prostatectomy?.- What clinically useful information should be included in the pathology report on a prostate needle core biopsy? Are there specific microscopic findings useful when assessing cancer staging?.- What is the meaning of "atypical glands suspicious but not diagnostic of adenocarcinoma" in a pathology diagnosis? Is "atypical small acinar proliferation" a pathologic entity?.- Kidney.- What are the essential features of renal neoplasms based on the current (2004) WHO classification system? What is the clinical implication of the new classification? How does the Fuhrman grading system work? What are the factors affecting survival of renal cell carcinoma patients?.- Does granular cell type renal cell carcinoma exist? What are the features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma? What are the pathologic characteristics and the clinical implication of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma?.- What is the definition of papillary adenoma? What is the relationship of papillary adenoma to papillary renal cell carcinoma? Do we need to divide papillary renal cell carcinoma into two subtypes?.- How is chromophobe renal cell carcinoma diagnosed? How does one distinguish chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from oncocytoma?.- What are the features of

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