Inhaltsangabe
Physical basis.- Physical basis of nuclear magnetic resonance.- The magnetization of matter.- Elementary magnetic momentum and local magnetization.- Effect of a homogeneous, stable external magnetic field.- Components of nuclear magnetization.- Nuclear magnetic resonance.- Return of nuclear magnetization to equilibrium.- Signal parameters.- The nuclear magnetic resonance signal.- Pulse sequences.- Formation of an image.- Magnetic field gradients.- Signal location.- Imaging method with two-dimensional Fourier Transform (2D-FT).- Fast imaging methods.- Contrast media.- Chemical shift.- Flow in imaging.- Practical progress of an MRI examination.- Artifacts.- System-specific artifacts.- Influence of the basic characteristics.- Influence of system quality.- Patient-specific artifacts.- Artifacts common to all patients.- Artifacts peculiar to given patients.- Quality control.- Definition of QC parameters.- Basic parameters.- Complementary parameters.- Test substances and test objects.- Test substances.- Test objects.- NMR spectroscopy from experimental to clinical spectroscopy.- Principle of NMR spectroscopy.- Chemical shift.- Spectrum quantification.- Most significant results of spectrocopy in man.- Spectroscopy of Phosphorus 31.- Spectroscopy of other nuclei.- Clinical application.- Localization of the spectrum.- Magnetic field homogeneity.- Conclusion.- Contrast media.- Theoretic basis.- Paramagnetic substances.- Superparamagnetic substances.- Effects on contrast.- Paramagnetic ions.- General points.- Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of simple gadolinium complexes.- Imaging considerations.- Other contrast media.- Other intravascular products.- Oral contrast agents.- Inhaled contrast agents.- Experimental models.- Clinical applications.- Neurological applications-brain.- Other applications.- Conclusion.- Head and neck.- Facial structures - nasopharynx and parapharyngeal spaces.- Technique.- Normal anatomy.- Pathology.- Limitations.- Superficial soft tissue (excluding the orbits) : parotid gand and temporomandibular joint.- The parotid gland.- Temporomandibular joint.- Buccal cavity and the oropharynx.- Technique.- Anatomy.- Pathology.- Limitations.- Cervical region.- Pharynx and larynx.- Thyroid and parathyroid glands.- The vascular grooves.- Cervical soft tissue - the thoracic inlet.- Conclusion.- Thorax.- Exploration techniques.- Choices of TR.- Choice of TE.- Other parameters.- Section orientation.- Cardiorespiratory gating.- Other techniques.- Normal anatomy.- Mediastinum.- Hili of the lungs.- Pulmonary parenchyma.- Pleura.- Thoracic wall.- Diaphragm.- Pathological findings.- Mediastinal masses.- Aortic pathology.- Hilar masses.- Pulmonary vascular pathology.- Lung pathology.- Pleura and thoracic wall pathology.- Conclusion.- Heart.- General points.- Examination techniques.- Adverse effects - contraindications.- Study of the heart.- Cardiac cycle.- Imaging sequences and normal findings.- Choice of section planes.- Clinical applications.- Breast.- Imaging technique.- MR image of the normal breast.- Results.- Technical aspects.- Benign pathology.- Malignant pathology.- Conclusion.- Liver, biliary tract, portal system, spleen.- Technique.- Sequences.- Contraindications.- Preparation.- Normal anatomy.- Clinical findings.- MRI of the liver.- MRI of the biliary tract.- MRI of the portal system.- MRI of the spleen.- Conclusion.- Pancreas.- Application of MR imaging techniques to the pancreas.- Normal pancreas.- Acute and chronic pancreatitis.- Liquid collections and pseudocysts.- Pancreatic hemorrhage.- Tumors of the pancreas.- Metabolic diseases.- Vascular abnormalities associated with hepatic diseases.- Present situation, prospects, comparison with CT.- Tissue characterizarion.- Gastrointestinal tract.- MR examination technique for the GI tract.- General preparation of the patient.- Contrast media.- Patient position.- Body coils and surface coils.- Imaging parameters.- Normal anatomy of the rectum.- Abn
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