Comparative Aspects of Reproductive Failure: An International Conference at Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, N.H.-July 25-29, 1966 - Softcover

Inhaltsangabe

to Comparative Reproduction.- Seasonality of reproduction.- The egg.- Implantation and placentation.- The neonate.- Comparative values.- The Overall Problem in Man.- Pathogenesis of abortion.- Defective segmenting ova.- Ova consisting of trophoblast only.- Ova containing no chorionic cavity.- Ova showing hypoplasia of trophoblast.- Superficial implantation of an otherwise reasonably normal ovum.- Spontaneous abortion.- Ovular factors.- Pathologic ova.- Embryos with localized anomalies.- Placental abnormalities.- Maternal factors.- Criminal abortion.- Uterine abnormalities.- Febrile and inflammatory diseases.- Miscellaneous.- Anatomically normal ova.- Reproductive Failure in Domestic Mammals.- Failure in ovarian functions.- Anestrus.- Seasonal anestrus.- Anestrus during lactation.- Anestrus due to aging.- Ovarian hypoplasia.- Abnormal estrus.- "Quiet ovulation".- Cystic ovaries.- Nymphomania.- Fertilization failure and atypical fertilization.- Fertilization failure.- Aged and abnormal ova.- Aged and abnormal sperm.- Atypical fertilization.- Prenatal mortality.- Physiological mechanismsimplantation.- Endocrine factors.- Causes of prenatal mortality.- Age of dam.- Nutrition of dam.- Heredity.- Overcrowding in utero.- Thermal stress.- Semen quality.- Other pregnancy disorders.- Spontaneous abortion.- Metabolic disorders of pregnancy.- Immunological incompatibility.- Fetal mummification.- Retained placenta.- Perinatal mortality.- Neonatal mortality.- Environmental stress and reproductive failure.- Climatic stress.- Nutritional stress.- Plant estrogens.- Anatomical stress and hereditary defects.- Congenital and acquired defects.- Hereditary defects.- Intersexuality.- Freemartinism.- Physiological mechanisms of the syndrome.- Hormonal theory.- Sex-chromosome mosaicism theory.- Diagnosis of freemartinism.- True hermaphrodites.- Comparative aspects.- Pseudohermaphroditism.- Male pseudohermaphrodite.- Female pseudohermaphrodite.- Pathogens and reproductive failure.- Bacterial infections.- Future investigations.- Cytogenetics of Abortions.- Materials and method.- Results.- Discussion.- Summary.- Genetic and Biochemical Aspects of Reproductive Failure.- Inborn errors of metabolism.- Homozygous lethals in man.- The development of enzyme systems.- Embryogenesis and organogenesis.- Chemo-Mechanics of Implantation.- Historical remarks on implantation.- Muscular stage-transport, spacing.- Adhesive stage.- Invasive stage.- Interactions of maternal and embryonic factors.- Summary.- Comparative Aspects of Steroid Hormones in Reproduction.- Possible roles for the steroid hormones in control of gestation.- Implantation.- Pituitary inhibition.- Maintenance of decidua and the endometrial implantation site.- Myometrial tone and contractility.- Length of gestation.- Mammary function.- Metabolic effects.- Summary on the role of steroid hormones in gestation.- The role of the corpus luteum in pregnancy.- Steroid endocrine role of the placenta.- Progesterone.- Estrogens.- Estrogen synthesis by the placenta.- Steroid biosynthesis by the human placenta-The feto-placental unit.- Relationship of steroid hormones to pregnancy failures.- Summary.- Protein Hormones and Gestation.- Human chorionic gonadotrophin.- History.- Biologic effects.- Rate of excretion by biologic assays.- Rate of excretion by immunologic assays.- Natural role of HCG in pregnancy.- Human placental lactogen.- History.- Biologic effects.- Luteotrophic effect.- Somatotrophic effect.- Assay and quantitation.- Extrapituitary gestational gonadotrophins in other mammals.- Prolonged Gestation.- Abnormally long gestation in cattle.- Genetic factors.- Pituitary-adrenal factors.- Abnormally long gestation in sheep.- Experimental prolonged gestation.- Fetal pituitary destruction.- Fetal adrenalectomy.- Conclusions.- Oögenesis-Ovulation and Egg Transport.- Oögenesis.- Origin of primordial germ cells.- Commencement of meiosis.- Development of follicular cells.- Ovulation.- Hormone interaction.- Increa

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