Design and Construction of Phosphorus Removal Structures for Improving Water Quality - Softcover

Inhaltsangabe

1. Introduction to phosphorus and water quality

1.1. The role of phosphorus in ecosystems

1.1.1. Eutrophication

1.1.2. Cultural and Political Response to Eutrophication Issues

1.2. Sources of phosphorus transported to surface waters

1.2.1. Point Sources (Wastewater Treatment Plants)

1.2.2. Non-point phosphorus sources and forms

1.3. Best management practices and dissolved phosphorus losses

1.4. References

2. Reducing Phosphorus Transport: An Overview of Best Management Practices

2.1. Dealing with eutrophication: treat the symptoms or the cause?

2.2. Incidental vs. legacy phosphorus losses

2.3. Legacy phosphorus

2.3.1. Preventing legacy P from occurring

2.3.2. Containment of legacy phosphorus losses

2.3.3. Remediation of legacy phosphorus

2.4. References

3. Phosphorus Removal Structures as a Short-Term Solution for the Problem of Dissolved Phosphorus Transport to Surface Waters

3.1. Purpose, Concept, and General Theory of Phosphorus Removal Structures

3.1.1. How the phosphorus removal structure works for removing the target pollutant: dissolved phosphorus

3.1.2. Choosing the most efficient target locations for a phosphorus removal structure

3.2. Examples and applications of phosphorus removal structures

3.2.1. Modular box

3.2.2. Ditch-filter

3.2.3. Surface confined bed

3.2.4. Cartridges

3.2.5. Pond filter

3.2.6. Blind/surface inlets

3.2.7. Bio-retention cell

3.2.8. Subsurface tile drain filter

3.2.9. Waste-water treatment structures

3.2.10. Treatment at confined animal feeding operations

3.2.11. Treatment at silage bunkers

3.3. Summary of P removal structure styles

3.4. References

4. Phosphorus sorption materials (PSMs): the heart of the phosphorus removal structure

4.1. What are PSMs?

4.1.1.< Examples of PSMs

4.1.2. Choosing a PSM

4.2. What makes a material an effective PSM?

4.2.1. P sorption capacity and kinetics of P removal

4.2.2. Physical properties important to PSMs

4.2.3. Safety considerations of PSMs

4.3. The paradox of many PSMs

4.3.1. Potential solutions for PSMs with insufficient hydraulic conductivity

4.3.2. A note on the use of steel slag and chemical treatment

4.4. References

5. Characterization of PSMs

5.1. Measuring and estimating P removal: flow-through vs. batch tests

5.2. The P removal design curve

5.2.1. Method for direct measurement of the design curve: flow-through experiment

5.2.2. Indirect estimation of the P design curve through characterization of PSMs

5.3. Methods of physical characterization of PSMs necessary for designing a P removal structure

5.3.1. Measurement of bulk density

5.3.2. Measurement of porosity and particle density

5.3.3. Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity

5.4. Methods of safety characterization of PSMs

5.4.1. Total metal concentration by digestion

5.4.2. Method for water soluble metals

5.4.3. Synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP)

5.5. References

6. Designing a Phosphorus Removal Structure

6.1. Designing structures to achieve target P load removal and lifetime

6.1.1. Use of the design curve and governing equations for designing structures

6.1.2. Determining the required mass of PSM for a P removal structure

6.2. Site characterization inputs required for conducting a design

6.2.1. Average annual dissolved P load

6.2.2. Peak flow rates

6.2.3. Hydraulic head and maximum area for structure

6.3. Drainage of the P removal structure: balancing flow rate with retention time

6.3.1. Water flow t

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