TOOLS

Many of the instruments in this book require no tools at all. Others require commonplace implements like scissors and rulers. A smaller number require common hand tools like a saw, screwdriver or hammer, and just a couple of the most advanced plans call for an electric drill (the least scary of power tools). Here are some suggestions.

A lift-off can opener

This can opener pops off can lids without leaving sharp edges.

Lift-off can opener: There's a type of can opener that lifts the can lid off rather than cuts it out. It is safer and gives a more elegant-looking result than the old-fashioned kind. You can use the popped-off lids for various purposes, or even put the lid back on the can for neat temporary closure. The lift-off can opener is less widely available and more expensive than the ordinary type, but is worthwhile for projects with children. The Good Cook brand Monarch Series "safe cut technology" can opener from Bradshaw International is one model.

Hacksaw and carpenter's saw

The hacksaw (above) is easiest for children, and can handle most small jobs.

Work table, vises and clamps: For instruments requiring cutting, having a vise to hold the work piece makes work with hand tools a lot easier and safer. For not too much money you can purchase a small vise which clamps to a table. Often a C-clamp can serve the same purpose.

Saws: Hacksaws are the most kid friendly of saws. They're relatively small, light and sturdy. The small teeth are unlikely to accidentally cut anyone and the blade is less likely than those of larger saws to catch and bind mid-stroke. For most of the projects in this book that require a saw, a hacksaw will do. Securing the work with a clamp or vise will make sawing easier for children.

Tubing cutter: Some instruments in this book use plastic or metal tubing. There is a type of tubing cutter that works by means of a cutting wheel, hand-operated in a rotary motion. It cuts plastic or metal tubing without creating dust or fumes. When it comes to making tubing instruments more manageable for kids, this easy-to-use tool is a great help. Once again, securing the work with a vise or clamp makes the cutting much easier.

Tubing Cutter

To cut tubing, place the tubing cutter around the tube at the cutting location, and gently tighten down the cutting wheel. Rotate the cutter around the tube, further tightening the wheel bit by bit, until the tube is cut.

Adhesives: Common nontoxic household adhesives will do for the projects in this book. In addition to the familiar white glue (Elmer's Glue and other brands), I have found a product called Mod Podge, available at crafts stores, to be particularly effective for certain jobs. In cases where an adult can do the gluing, hot glue from a glue gun is often the quickest and easiest choice, because it's not messy and sets in just a couple of minutes. Hot glue guns are not expensive and are widely available at crafts stores, art supply stores, and hardware stores.

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TIN CAN SET

SKILL LEVEL

Simple version: If you use clean cans with the lids removed, even very small children can make this instrument.

Advanced version: The tuning of the cans requires dexterity and attentive listening. Best for older kids and adults.

If you strike the bottom of a tin can with a pencil or a chop stick, the sound you get may not seem very musical at first. But when you gather a set of cans and start playing rhythms and melodies – surprise! The tone takes on an unexpectedly appealing character.

Two plans for musical can sets are given here: a randomly tuned version, and a more advanced version that can be deliberately tuned.

TIN CANS – Simple Version

MATERIALS

Clean, empty tin cans in various sizes, at least 6 or 8 of them (more is better). The top should be removed with the bottom still in place. If possible, use the lift-off style can opener to open the cans (see page 2). Otherwise, carefully check the opened end of the can for spurs or jags, and dispose of cut-off lids out of the reach of children.

A towel or similar thick cloth, hand towel size or bigger.

Two unsharpened pencils, chopsticks or similar lightweight sticks to use as beaters.

TOOLS

None.

PROCEDURE

Optional: remove the paper from the cans.

Lay the towel out on a table, and place the cans open-end-down on the towel.

Strike the ends of the cans with the pencils or chopsticks. Select a set of them whose tones seem to complement one another nicely. Arrange those cans on the towel from lowest pitch to highest, or in any other sequence you like.

With small children, the selection process can be quite random; they may simply decide to include all the cans. Older kids may give more thought to the process of selecting which cans to include in the instrument, looking for the cans that have the best sound and whose pitches go well together.

PLAYING THE TIN CANS

Strike the ends of the cans with chopstics or unsharpened pencils to play rhythms and melodies. When striking, let the stick bounce off, leaving the lid free to vibrate. If you use unsharpened pencils as beaters, you can get different tone qualities depending on whether you strike with the wood end or the eraser end.

TIN CANS – Advanced Version

The advanced version of this instrument is the same as the simple version, except that the cans can be tuned. You can use this tuning method if you don't need to tune to a certain scale, but would like to be able to tweak the tuning of the can's notes to suit your taste. You can also use it if there's a certain scale you want to tune to, such as the C major or C pentatonic scale that several of the other instruments in this book are tuned to, as discussed on page 108.

PROCEDURE

Gather and select your cans as described in the previous plan. Then tune them to whatever scale appeals to you using the following procedures.

To raise the pitch of a can: press downward firmly on the top of the can with an unsharpened pencil, chopstick or other implement, forcing it inward a tiny bit. Hit the can to hear the new note. It should be just a little higher than it was. Does it match the note you want, or is it still too low? If too low, tap the center very lightly with...