Cationic Polymers in Regenerative Medicine (RSC Polymer Chemistry, 13) - Hardcover

 
9781849739375: Cationic Polymers in Regenerative Medicine (RSC Polymer Chemistry, 13)
Hardcover
ISBN 10: 1849739374 ISBN 13: 9781849739375
Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014

Inhaltsangabe

The unique physico-chemical properties of cationic polymers and their ability to be easily modified make them attractive for many biological applications. As a result there is a vast amount of research focussed on designing novel natural or synthetic cationic polymers with specific biological functionality.

Cationic Polymers in Regenerative Medicine brings together the expertise of leading experts in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in cationic polymer synthesis, modification and the design of biomaterials with different structures for therapeutic applications. Chapters cover recent developments in novel cationic polymer based systems including poly(L-lysine), Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and cationic triazine dendrimers as well as cationic polymer-coated micro- and nanoparticles and cationic cellulose and chitin nanocrystals. Applications discussed in the book include drug and gene delivery, therapeutics in thrombosis and inflammation as well as gene therapy.

Suitable both for an educational perspective for those new to the field and those already active in the field, the book appeals to postgraduates and researchers. The broad aspects of the topics covered are suitable for polymer chemists interested in the fundamentals of the materials systems as well as pharmaceutical chemists, bioengineering and medical professionals interested in their applications.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Dr. Sangram Keshari Samal received his PhD degree in Biomaterials from the School of Biomolecular Science, University of Pisa, Italy. During his PhD, he was a visiting fellow at BWH, HST-MIT and Tufts University, USA. He undertook his first postdoctoral research at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, Italy. At present he is a post-doctoral fellow at the Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Ghent, Belgium. His research interest is mainly focused on functionalization of polymers and evaluation of their potential for various therapeutic applications.

Prof. Peter Dubruel is currently heading a group of over 30 people and has published over 100 A1 papers. Since the start of 2006, he has been involved in several EU projects (3 FP6 and 4 FP7, 1 as a coordinator). Since end 2006, he has delivered over 20 invited lectures. He has been the spokesperson of the Young Scientist Forum (YSF) from the European Society for Biomaterials (ESB) for more than 5 years. He is part of the editorial team of BIOMAT.net and the journal Biomaterials. In 2010 and 2012, he was awarded, respectively, the YSF Excellence Award from the Romanian Society for Biomaterials and the Jean Leray Award from the ESB in 2013.

Von der hinteren Coverseite

The unique physico-chemical properties of cationic polymers and their ability to be easily modified make them attractive for many biological applications. As a result there is a vast amount of research focussed on designing novel natural or synthetic cationic polymers with specific biological functionality.

Cationic Polymers in Regenerative Medicine brings together the expertise of leading experts in the field to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in cationic polymer synthesis, modification and the design of biomaterials with different structures for therapeutic applications. Chapters cover recent developments in novel cationic polymer based systems including poly(L-lysine), Poly(N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and cationic triazine dendrimers as well as cationic polymer-coated micro- and nanoparticles and cationic cellulose and chitin nanocrystals. Applications discussed in the book include drug and gene delivery, therapeutics in thrombosis and inflammation as well as gene therapy.

Suitable both for an educational perspective for those new to the field and those already active in the field, the book will appeal to postgraduates and researchers. The broad aspects of the topics covered are suitable for polymer chemists interested in the fundamentals of the materials systems as well as pharmaceutical chemists, bioengineering and medical professionals interested in their applications.

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Cationic Polymers in Regenerative Medicine

By Sangram K. Samal, Peter Dubruel

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-84973-937-5

Contents

Chapter 1 Functionalization of Cationic Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications Ilja Tabujew and Kalina Peneva, 1, 
Chapter 2 Synthesis and Properties of Polyalkylenimines Bryn D. Monnery and Richard Hoogenboom, 30, 
Chapter 3 Well-Defined Cationic Polymers for Nucleic Acid Delivery Marya Ahmed and Ravin Narain, 62, 
Chapter 4 Poly(L-lysine)-Based Copolymers: Synthetic Strategies and Biomedical Applications Ivaylo V. Dimitrov, 99, 
Chapter 5 Stimuli-Responsive Cationic Microgels and Hydrogels Based on Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) Jie Wei and Liang-Yin Chu, 133, 
Chapter 6 Stimuli-Responsive Structures from Cationic Polymers for Biomedical Applications Maria Teresa Calejo, Nesrin Hasirci, Shahla, 149, 
Chapter 7 Cationic Polysaccharides in Regenerative Medicine: Challenges and Perspectives Stefan Spirk and Tamilselvan Mohan, 178, 
Chapter 8 Cationic Cellulose and Chitin Nanocrystals for Novel Therapeutic Applications Seyedeh Parinaz Akhlaghi, Masuduz Zaman, Baoliang Peng, 197, 
Chapter 9 Cationic Polysaccharides in Gene Delivery Anjali Jain, Eameema Muntimadugu, Abraham J. Domb and Wahid Khan, 228, 
Chapter 10 Cationic Triazine Dendrimers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Applications Eric E. Simanek and Alan E. Enciso, 249, 
Chapter 11 Cationic Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug and Gene Delivery Erem Bilensoy, Gamze ISik and Cem Varan, 268, 
Chapter 12 Cationic Polymers in Drug Delivery Anna Karewicz, Krzysztof Szczubia!ka and Maria Nowakowska, 296, 
Chapter 13 Cationic Dendritic Systems as Non-viral Vehicles for Gene Delivery Applications Paula Ortega, Javier Sánchez-Nieves, Marta Martínez-Bonet, A. Judith Perisé-Barrios, Rafael Gómez, M. Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández and F. Javier de la Mata, 321, 
Chapter 14 Cationic Polymers for Intracellular Delivery of Proteins Grégory Coué and Johan F. J. Engbersen, 356, 
Chapter 15 Cationic Polymers for Gene Delivery into Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Novel Approach to Regenerative Medicine Sante Di Gioia, Adriana Trapani, Annalucia Carbone, Stefano Castellani, Carla Colombo, Giuseppe Trapani and Massimo Conese, 386, 
Chapter 16 Cationic Polymers as Gene-Activated Matrices for Biomedical Applications Mamoni Dash, David L. Kaplan, Peter Dubruel and Sangram K. Samal, 438, 
Chapter 17 Cationic Polymers in the Central Nervous System: Past, Present and Future Asha Mathew, Mangesh Morey and Abhay Pandit, 463, 
Chapter 18 Interactions of Cationic Polymers with Cells Matthew J. Ware, Huw D. Summers and Biana Godin, 479, 
Chapter 19 Cationic Polymer-Based Non-viral Gene Delivery Systems and their Application in Gene-Engineered Stem Cells Bing Huang, Cai-Xia He, Jun Lin and Jian-Qing Gao, 512, 
Chapter 20 Cationic Polymers as Carriers through the Blood-Brain Barrier Sangram K. Samal, Mamoni Dash, Peter Dubruel, Klaus Müllen and Jayakumar Rajadas, 539, 
Chapter 21 Natural Cationic Polymers for Advanced Gene and Drug Delivery Sheng Dai, 557, 
Chapter 22 Effects of Cationic Polymers on Cell Functions Guoping Chen, 583, 
Subject Index, 592,


CHAPTER 1

Functionalization of Cationic Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications

ILJA TABUJEW AND KALINA PENEVA

Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany


1.1 Introduction and Classification of Cationic Polymers

Cationic polymers can be defined as macromolecules that bear positive charges, which can be either intrinsically present in the polymer backbone and/or in the side chains. Most cationic polymers possess primary, secondary or tertiary amine functional groups that can be protonated. They also differ widely in their polymeric structure (linear, branched, hyperbranched and dendrimer-like) and can be further differentiated by the placement of the positive charges (backbone or side chains). The cationic polymers that will be discussed in this chapter are divided into three categories according to their origin: natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic (Figure 1.1). This chapter will focus only on the most prominent examples which have been shown to have applications in drug delivery rather than trying to include all existing cationic polymers.


1.1.1 Natural

Natural cationic polymers are derived from renewable sources and possess inherent positive charges. They are biodegradable and often possess low immunogenicity and low toxicity. Numerous natural cationic polymers have functional groups like carboxylic acid groups that can be further modified to carry therapeutic molecules.


1.1.1.1 Gelatine

Gelatine is a thermally denatured collagen extracted from porcine skin or bovine bone and is commonly used for pharmaceutical and medical applications because of its biodegradability. Being categorized as a safe excipient by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), gelatine has shown great promise as a component of biomaterials in many medical applications. For example, gelatine nanoparticles have been successfully utilized for non-viral plasmid DNA delivery and cationic gelatine plasmid DNA polyplexes, i.e. complexes formed by the electrostatic interactions of positively charged polymer molecules and negatively charged DNA, were applied for transfection studies on monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells. The mode of action of non-viral vectors for gene and RNA delivery will be discussed in detail in the next chapters of this book and will therefore not be examined in depth here. In contrast to other cationic polymers, gelatine also possesses carboxyl groups and therefore can have an overall negative charge, depending on the pH of the environment. The isoelectric point of gelatine at physiological pH can be modified during its extraction to yield either negatively charged acidic gelatine using alkaline treatment (classified as B) or positively charged basic gelatine (denoted as A) by acidic treatment. This differentiation is necessary because the extraction process using a base leads to hydrolysis of the amide groups of glutamine and asparagine residues, which increases the content of carboxylic groups in the polymer. As a result of this treatment the isoelectric point of gelatine is lowered (IEP1/44.7–5.4) while the acidic extraction does not change the intrinsic properties of the collagen (IEP1/46–9). Furthermore, aminated gelatine can be prepared in a one-pot reaction using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and diamine. It has been demonstrated that this additional modification technique leads to improved release control in the delivery of acidic peptide/protein drugs.


1.1.2 Semi-synthetic

This group of cationic polymers includes all those natural polymers that require further modification in order to acquire a cationic character. Therefore, they differ from the biopolymers with inherent cationic properties and those cationic polymers that are produced artificially using polymerization methods. Such polymers often retain their biodegradability, while the introduction of positive charges leads to increased cytotoxicity and therefore decreased biocompatibility.


1.1.2.1 Chitosan

Chitosan is a copolymer consisting of statistically distributed N- acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine. Deacetylation of...

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Verlag
Royal Society of Chemistry
Erscheinungsdatum
2014
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN 10 
1849739374
ISBN 13 
9781849739375
Einband
Gebundene Ausgabe
Anzahl der Seiten
618
Herausgeber
Samal Sangram K., Dubruel Peter
Kontakt zum Hersteller
Nicht verfügbar
Verantwortliche Person
preigu
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