Volume Properties: Liquids, Solutions and Vapours - Hardcover

 
9781849738996: Volume Properties: Liquids, Solutions and Vapours

Inhaltsangabe

Volumetric properties play an important role in research at the interface of physical chemistry and chemical engineering, but keeping up with the latest developments in the field demands a broad view of the literature.

Presenting a collection of concise, focused chapters, this book offers a comprehensive guide to the latest developments in the field and a starting point for more detailed research. The chapters are written by acknowledged experts, covering theory, experimental methods, techniques, and results on all types of liquids and vapours.

The editors work at the forefront of thermodynamics in mixtures and solutions and have brought together contributions from all areas related to volume properties, offering a synergy of ideas across the field. Graduates, researchers and anyone working in the field of volumes will find this book to be their key reference.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Professor Emmerich Wilhelm is Vice-Head and Head of the Institute of Physical Chemistry at the University of Wien, Vienna, Austria. Prior to that, he was Visiting Professor at Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA, the Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France and the University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria. For many years, Professor Wilhelm was a member of the Editorial Boards of Solubility Data Series (IUPAC), Fluid Phase Equilibria, Materials Chemistry and Physics, International DATA Series A, Thermochimica Acta and an Associate Member, and/or National Representative, and/or Member of the IUPAC Commission I.2: Thermodynamics and the IUPAC Commission V.8: Solubility Data (Gas Solubilities). He was also a Member of the Board of Directors of the European Society of Applied Physical Chemistry, US Calorimetry Conference and the International Council on Materials Education. Professor Wilhelm has published over 160 papers in peer reviewed journals in the areas of thermodynamics, physical chemistry of solutions, was Co-Organizer of 20 international scientific conferences and has given more than 110 Plenary/Keynote/Invited Lectures. He has been the recipient of the Felix-Kuschenitz Award (Thermophysics), Austrian Academy of Science, the Huffman Award, Calorimetry Conference, USA and the Doctor Honoris Causa, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Professor Trevor M. Letcher is Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. He is a past-Director of the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics and his research involves the thermodynamics of liquid mixtures and energy from landfill. He has published over 250 publications in peer review journals and edited and co-edited 8 books in his research fields. His latest edited and co-edited books are: Heat Capacities (2010), Climate Change (2009) and Waste (2011).

Von der hinteren Coverseite

Volumetric properties play an important role in research at the interface of physical chemistry and chemical engineering, but keeping up with the latest developments in the field demands a broad view of the literature.

Presenting a collection of concise, focused chapters, this book offers a comprehensive guide to the latest developments in the field and a starting point for more detailed research. The chapters are written by acknowledged experts, covering theory, experimental methods, techniques, and results on all types of liquids and vapours.

The editors work at the forefront of thermodynamics in mixtures and solutions and have brought together contributions from all areas related to volume properties, offering a synergy of ideas across the field. Graduates, researchers and anyone working in the field of volumes will find this book to be their key reference.

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Volume Properties

Liquids, Solutions and Vapours

By Emmerich Wilhelm, Trevor M. Letcher

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2015 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-84973-899-6

Contents

Chapter 1 Volumetric Properties: Introduction, Concepts and Selected Applications Emmerich Wilhelm, 1,
Chapter 2 Experimental Techniques 1: Direct Methods Mark O. Mclinden, 73,
Chapter 3 Experimental Techniques 2: Vibrating Tube Densimetry Diego González-Salgado, Jacobo Troncoso and Luis Romani]TC1 TC1[100,
Chapter 4 Density Standards and Traceability Mark O. Mclinden, 115,
Chapter 5 Volumetric Properties from Multiparameter Equations of State Roland Span and Eric W. Lemmon, 125,
Chapter 6 Virial Coefficients J. P. Martin Trusler, 152,
Chapter 7 Excess Volumes of Liquid Nonelectrolyte Mixtures Emmerich Wilhelm and J.-P. E. Grolier, 163,
Chapter 8 Partial Molar Volumes of Non-Ionic Solutes at Infinite Dilution Ivan Cibulka and Vladimir Majer, 246,
Chapter 9 Partial Molar Volumes of Gases Dissolved in Liquids Emmerich Wilhelm and Rubin Battino, 273,
Chapter 10 Saturated Liquid Density of Pure Liquids and of Mixtures Toshiharu Takagi and Tomoya Tsuji, 307,
Chapter 11 Critical Behaviour: Pure Fluids and Mixtures Claudio A. Cerdeiriña, Patricia Losada-Pérez, Germán Pérez-Sánchez and Jacobo Troncoso, 326,
Chapter 12 Ultrasonics 1: Speed of Ultrasound, Isentropic Compressibility and Related Properties of Liquids Augustinus Asenbaum, Christian Pruner and Emmerich Wilhelm, 345,
Chapter 13 Ultrasonics 2: High Pressure Speed of Sound, Isentropic Compressibility Toshiharu Takagi, 395,
Chapter 14 High-Pressure "Maxwell Relations" Measurements Stanislaw L. Randzio, Jean Pierre E. Grolier and Miroslaw Chorazewski, 414,
Chapter 15 Volumetric Properties and Thermodynamic Response Functions of Liquids and Liquid Mixtures Carlos Lafuente, Ignacio Gascón, Claudio A. Cerdeiriña and Diego González-Salgado, 439,
Chapter 16 SAFT and Molecular Simulation Techniques: Application to Determination of Volumetric Excess Properties Felipe J. Blas and Manuel M. Piñeiro, 457,
Chapter 17 Calculation of Thermodynamic Functions from Volumetric Properties Josef P. Novák, Kvetoslav Ruzicka and Michal Fulem, 476,
Chapter 18 Molar Volumes of Electrolyte Solutions Glenn Hefter, 493,
Chapter 19 Volumetric Behaviour of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids Yizhak Marcus, 512,
Chapter 20 Volumetric Behaviour of Molten Salts and Molten Salt Hydrates Yizhak Marcus, 526,
Chapter 21 Partial Molar Volumes of Proteins in Solution Tigran V. Chalikian, 542,
Chapter 22 Partial Molar Volumes of Proteins in Solution: Prediction by Statistical–Mechanical, 3D-RISM–KB Molecular Theory of Solvation Andriy Kovalenko, 575,
Subject Index, 611,


CHAPTER 1

[Volumetric Properties: Introduction, Concepts and Selected Applications

EMMERICH WILHELM

Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Wien, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090, Wien (Vienna), Austria

Email: emmerich.wilhelm@univie.ac.at


Science is not a collection of truths. It is a continuing exploration of mysteries ...... an unending argument between a great multitude of voices.

Freeman Dyson, How we know, The New York Review of Books, 58(4), 10 March 2011.


1.1 Introduction

This monograph is concerned with volumetric properties of fluids and their role in the physicochemical description of liquid and gaseous systems, pure and mixed, that is to say, of systems ranging from pure rare gases to proteins in solution. Only non-reacting equilibrium systems of uniform temperature T and pressure P (i.e. systems in thermal, mechanical and diffusional equilibrium) characterised by the essential absence of surface effects and of extraneous influences, such as electric or magnetic fields, will be considered. Note, however, that the influence of the earth's gravitational field, while usually ignored, will become important near a critical point. Volumetric properties of fluids are of pivotal importance in physics, physical chemistry and chemical engineering, and have thus received due attention in all modern monographs/textbooks dealing with fluids, the most profitable approach being that based on a "marriage" of chemical thermodynamics with molecular theory and statistical mechanics, effectively anchoring it in the field of molecular thermodynamics. This term was coined by Prausnitz more than four decades ago. It is an interdisciplinary field of great academic fascination and an indispensable part of chemical engineering. The impressive growth of molecular thermodynamics has been stimulated by the continuously increasing need for thermodynamic property data and phase equilibrium data in the applied sciences, and has greatly profited by unprecedented advances in experimental techniques, by advances in the theory of liquids in general, and by advances in computer simulations of reasonably realistic model systems.

In this introductory Subsection 1.1, I will present something like a rough "road-map" of the major scientific areas covered by this monograph, though its aim and scope will only be crudely outlined by commenting on just a few selected topics close to my own research interests in physical chemistry of non-electrolyte fluids. The following Subsection 1.2 is essentially a concise review of pertinent parts of chemical thermodynamics, and provides the basis for most of the thermodynamic relations used in the other chapters. In addition, however, ramifications into neighbouring disciplines will be indicated, and occasionally historically significant contributions will be included. For details and additional aspects the interested reader should consult a textbook close to his/her taste, perhaps one of those listed in references 1 through 25. Concluding remarks and a brief outlook will be given in Subsection 1.3, while Subsection 1.4 will provide a glossary of symbols used, together with a few critical remarks concerning nomenclature in chemical thermodynamics.

Of course, true to the title of this book, pride of place will be given to the molar volume V and the mass density ρ characterising a single-phase fluid (either pure or a multicomponent mixture/solution), and their derivatives with respect to temperature and pressure. These two material properties are related by

ρ(T,P{xi}) = m/(nV(T,P,{xi})) (1.1)

where, m = [summation]imi = [summation]inimm,i is the total mass of the phase, mi is the mass of component i (i = 1, 2, ...) with molar mass mm,i, that is mi = nimm,i, ni denotes the amount of substance of component i, n = [summation]ini is the total amount of substance, nV is the total volume of the phase, xi = ni/[summation]ini is the mole fraction of i, and {xi} is the set of compositional variables with [summation]ixi = 1; for a pure fluid xii = 1. The precise experimental determination of V or ρ over wide ranges of temperature and pressure, and in the case of mixtures/solutions also as a function of composition, yields information on the fluid state which is eminently useful at the experimental, practical level as well as at the theoretical level. The same is true for material properties characterising the temperature and pressure dependence of V or ρ. For instance,...

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