Natural Rubber Materials: Volume 2: Composites and Nanocomposites (RSC Polymer Chemistry, 8, Band 2) - Hardcover

 
9781849736312: Natural Rubber Materials: Volume 2: Composites and Nanocomposites (RSC Polymer Chemistry, 8, Band 2)
Hardcover
ISBN 10: 1849736316 ISBN 13: 9781849736312
Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013

Inhaltsangabe

The combination of its unique morphology, physical properties, cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness make natural rubber an appealing constituent for many materials and applications. This comprehensive two volume set covers the synthesis, characterization and applications of natural rubber based blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, composites and nanocomposites.

Volume 1 covers different types of natural rubber-based blends and IPNs as well as manufacturing methods, thermo mechanical characterization techniques, life cycle analysis and their applications. Volume 2 focuses on natural rubber-based composites and Nanocomposites including the different types of fillers, the filler-matrix reinforcement mechanisms, manufacturing techniques, and applications.

This is the first book to consolidate the current state of the art information on natural rubber based materials with contributions from established international experts in the field. The book provides a "one stop" reference resource for professionals, researchers, industrial practitioners, graduate students, and senior undergraduates in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, bioengineering and chemical engineering.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Sabu Thomas is professor at the School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India. He received Ph.D from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur and a B.Tech in Polymer Science and Technology from Cochin University. Prof. Thomas has gained additional experience as a visiting professor at a number of universities around the world. A Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a member of the American Chemical Society, his research has led to the publication of some 360 articles in international peer reviewed journals, several book chapters and patents. The co-editor of four books, he has been a visiting professor and lecturer at some of the world's leading polymer research laboratories.

Von der hinteren Coverseite

The combination of its unique morphology, physical properties, cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness make natural rubber an appealing constituent for many materials and applications. This comprehensive two volume set covers the synthesis, characterization and applications of natural rubber based blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, composites and nanocomposites.

Volume 1 covers different types of natural rubber-based blends and IPNs as well as manufacturing methods, thermo mechanical characterization techniques, life cycle analysis and their applications. Volume 2 focuses on natural rubber-based composites and Nanocomposites including the different types of fillers, the filler-matrix reinforcement mechanisms, manufacturing techniques, and applications.

This is the first book to consolidate the current state of the art information on natural rubber based materials with contributions from established international experts in the field. The book provides a "one stop" reference resource for professionals, researchers, industrial practitioners, graduate students, and senior undergraduates in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, bioengineering and chemical engineering.

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Natural Rubber Materials Volume 2

Composites and Nanocomposites

By Sabu Thomas, Hanna J. Maria, Jithin Joy, Chin Han Chan, Laly A. Pothen

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-84973-631-2

Contents

Chapter 1 Natural Rubber-Based Composites and Nanocomposites: State of the Art, New Challenges and Opportunities C. H. Chan, Jithin Joy, Hanna J. Maria and S. Thomas, 1, 
Chapter 2 Nanofillers in Natural Rubber Maurizio Galimberti, Valeria Cipolletti and Vineet Kumar, 34, 
Chapter 3 Theory and Mechanisms of Filler Reinforcement in Natural Rubber Azemi bin Samsuri, 73, 
Chapter 4 Preparation and Properties of Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites Dongzhi Chen, Mingjie Hu, Chi uang and Ruiwen Zhang, 112, 
Chapter 5 Strength and Durability of Natural Rubber and Chemically Modified Natural Rubber Azemi bin Samsuri, 136, 
Chapter 6 Carbon Black Reinforcement in Natural Rubber in Micro and Nano Length Gordana Markovic, Milena Marinovic-Cincovic, Vojislav Jovanovic, Suzana Samarzija-Jovanovic and Jaroslava Budinski-Simendic, 181, 
Chapter 7 Silica Reinforcement in Natural Rubber in Micro and Nano Length Scales Azanam S. Hashim and S. K. Ong, 205, 
Chapter 8 Clay Reinforcement in Natural Rubber on Micro and Nano Length Scales Sandip Rooj, Amit Das, Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber and Gert Heinrich, 220, 
Chapter 9 Long and Short Glass Fibre Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites Quazi T. H. Shubhra, 247, 
Chapter 10 Micro and Nano TiO2 Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites Jiji Abraham, Sabu Thomas and Soney C. George, 290, 
Chapter 11 Micro and Nano Metal Particle Filled Natural Rubber Composites Jithin Joy, Anu Tresa Sunny, Lovely Mathew P., Laly A. Pothen and Sabu Thomas, 307, 
Chapter 12 Micro and Nano Zinc Oxide Filled NR Composites Shaji P. Thomas and E. J. Mathew, 326, 
Chapter 13 Green Natural Fibre Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites SA-AD Riyajan, 353, 
Chapter 14 Synthesis of Natural Rubber-Based Completely Green Bionanocomposites Sonal I. Thakore, 401, 
Chapter 15 Magnetic Filler-Reinforced Natural Rubber Macro- and Nanocomposites Aldo Eloizo Job, Felipe Silva Bellucci, Flávio Camargo Cabrera, Alexandre Fioravante de Siqueira, Eduardo Roque Budemberg and Leandra Oliveira Salmazo, 432, 
Chapter 16 Micro and Nano Calcium Carbonate Filled Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites Imran Khan and A. H. Bhat, 467, 
Chapter 17 Preparation and Characterization of Natural Rubber Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes Mou'ad A. Tarawneh and Sahrim Hj. Ahmad, 488, 
Chapter 18 Metal Oxide Filled Micro and Nano Natural Rubber Composites Suneel Kumar Srivastava, 504, 
Chapter 19 Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Composites Filled with Macro- and Nanofillers Azura A. Rashid and Siti Rohana Yahya, 550, 
Chapter 20 Linear and Non-Linear Viscoelastic Behaviour of Natural Rubber Composites from Micro- to Nanoscales Robert A. Shanks, 574, 
Chapter 21 Rheological Behaviour of Natural Rubber Based Composites and Nanocomposites Runcy Wilson and Sabu Thomas, 599, 
Chapter 22 X-Ray, Light and Neutron Scattering Studies on Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites Jini Varghese, Cintil Jose Chirayil, Lakshmipriya Somasekharan and Sabu Thomas, 622, 
Chapter 23 Microscopy of Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites Lucia Conzatti and Maurizio Galimberti, 649, 
Chapter 24 NMR Studies of Natural Rubber Composites from Macro- to Nanoscales – A Review Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni and Sabu Thomas, 683, 
Chapter 25 ESR Studies of Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites Aruna Kumar Barick and Young-Wook Chang, 703, 
Chapter 26 Applications of Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites Aldo E. Job, Flávio C. Cabrera, Leandra O. Salmazo, Miguel A. Rodriguez-Perez, Alberto López Gil, Alexandre F. de Siqueira and Felipe S. Bellucci, 742, 
Chapter 27 Diffusion and Transport of Liquids, Vapours and Gases Through Natural Rubber Composites and Nanocomposites Thanaporn Amnuaikit, 772, 
Subject Index, 800,


CHAPTER 1

Natural Rubber-Based Composites and Nanocomposites: State of the Art, New Challenges and Opportunities

C. H. CHAN, JITHIN JOY, HANNA J. MARIA AND S. THOMAS


1.1 Introduction

Natural rubber (NR) is also known as cis-1,4-poly(isoprene) and has the chemical structure illustrated in Figure 1.1 (a). NR is an elastomer originally derived from a milky colloidal suspension from the sap of some plants, called NR latex. Only the sap cultivated from the Hevea brasiliensis tree is of commercial importance (see Figure 1.1(b)). Hevea is native to Brazil and produces a high molecular weight of ~ 97% cis-1,4-poly(isoprene) (roughly 20,000 units of isoprene). This signifies that the NR polymer chain continues on the same side of the double bond. Hevea yields high-quality latex over a sustainable period and is amenable to tapping for approximately 30 years. The typical compositions of NR latex, dry NR and deproteinized dry NR (DPNR) are tabulated in Table 1.1. DPNR latex is a premier NR latex, treated with special enzymes or complexed with other chemicals to break down the naturally-occurring proteins. DPNR has improved resistance to fatigue failure for engineering applications.

The double bonds along the backbone of NR allow the attachment of pendant groups and/or provide chemically reactive sites for crosslinking or grafting. Naturally, NR is a soft and sticky solid with low tensile strength and low elasticity due to the weak van der Waals forces of its intermolecular attraction and occasional crosslinking. It softens at room temperature in tropical countries but hardens in cold weather and it is highly crystallizable upon stretching. It is soluble in some organic solvents, e.g. tetrahydrofuran, toluene, chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, 2-butanone, n-hexane, benzene, etc. The properties of NR deteriorate drastically by sunlight, ozone and oxygen due to its high level of unsaturation, and such a material is of minimal interest in industry. The properties of pure NR are tabulated in Table 1.2. Addition of carbon black (CB), and antiozonants and waxes, to NR enhances its resistance to UV and ozone, respectively.

In 1496, Christopher Columbus returned from his second voyage and brought back the first NR balls from the West Indies to the Iberian Peninsula. In 1736, Charles Marie de La Condamine introduced NR samples and reported the properties of NR to the Academie Royale des Sciences of France. He proposed that NR could be used as flexible tubes. Later, in 1770, Joseph Priestley, an English chemist, suggested the possibility of using NR as an eraser because of its ability to rub pencil marks off paper. This is the first recorded use of NR. Samuel Peal patented a method of waterproofing cloth by coating the cloth with a solution of NR in turpentine in 1791. In 1820, Nadier, a British industrialist, produced NR threads for clothing accessories. In London, Thomas Hancock invented a mastication machine to mix and soften NR, enabling it to be shaped. In 1823, Charles Macintosh produced waterproof garments by coating cloth with a solution of NR in benzene in a plant in Glasgow.

However, NR did not attain any commercial value until nearly a century later. The first important chemical modification of NR was vulcanization in 1839, which is generally credited independently to Charles Goodyear (USA)...

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Verlag
Royal Society of Chemistry
Erscheinungsdatum
2013
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN 10 
1849736316
ISBN 13 
9781849736312
Einband
Gebundene Ausgabe
Anzahl der Seiten
856
Herausgeber
Thomas Sabu, Maria Hanna J., Joy Jithin, Chan Chin Han, Pothen Laly A.
Kontakt zum Hersteller
Nicht verfügbar
Verantwortliche Person
Nicht verfügbar