Fast NMR Data Acquisition: Beyond the Fourier Transform: Volume 11 (New Developments in NMR) - Hardcover

Book's topic: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a physical chemistry method to look at nuclei spin properties in a magnetic field. Spin active nuclei such as 1H visualize different spin frequencies as peaks in a spectrum and are sensitive at the atomic level to molecular structure. Because of these properties, chemists have relied on NMR spectra to identify and quantify molecules in a wide range of applications. However, one important limiting factor for more extensive application of NMR spectroscopy is the intrinsic low sensitivity that requires more scan repetitions for improving spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). And for studies on larger molecules like protein, 1H signal overlapping necessitates the collection of time-consuming multi-dimensional (nD) and multi-nuclei NMR spectra to resolve cross peaks, e.g., 1H/13C/15N. The modern nD NMR spectra (image) resulted from Fourier transform (FT) processing on time series of free induction decay (FID), sampled at uniform discrete Nyquist frequency. These sampling and processing schemes have almost been the central dogma for the classical NMR spectroscopy. Governed by these rules, the experimental NMR time must increase exponentially with increasing dimensions, e.g., from minutes for a 1D experiment to weeks for a 4D experiment. Therefore, it has been critical to advance NMR with less time spent in data acquisition while retaining higher dimensional resolvability. This timely book of Fast NMR data acquisition: beyond the Fourier transform covers different approaches to cure the Bslow NMR data acquiring problem. Contents: The recent breakthrough in the development of fast NMR methods has led to the gradual redefinition of classical pulse-FT NMR data acquisition and processing approaches, including novel practices in pulse sequence design, data sampling, and processing. The book started with the introduction of so-fast pulse sequence that decoupled longitudinal spin relaxation processes between solute molecules and bulky solvent, which shortened the recycle delay time by roughly 1 order, the most time-consuming period in pulse NMR experiments (Chapter 1). Another ultrafast NMR pulse sequence coded the evolution of indirect dimension using spatially arrayed gradient profile, which, in theory, reduced the sampling space from nD to 1D in acquisition (Chapter 2). On data processing, the classical approach of linear prediction on FID, which saved NMR experimental time in indirect dimensions, was discussed (Chapter 3). Alternative methods to FT in FID data processing can be filter diagonalization method (FDM), which increased spectra SNR and resolution significantly without increasing experimental time (Chapter 4), and maximum entropy reconstruction (Chapter 9), which has a renewed interest in processing non-uniform sampled FID data. On acquisition, the reduction in NMR dimension, e.g., the high-resolution iterative frequency identification (HIFI) method, significantly reduced experimental time for 3D experiments (Chapter 5). Other non-uniform sampling and processing algorithms of the radial sampling (Chapter 6) and CLEAN (Chapter 7) were thoroughly reviewed on its successful application in nD NMR. The covariance NMR improved the sensitivities of heteronuclei, especially for small molecules (Chapter 8). The book concluded with the discussion on the compressed sensing (CS) l1-norm minimization method in accurate spectral reconstruction (Chapter 10), which has been demonstrated on non-uniform sampled triple-resonance 4D NMR experiments, a long-time challenging experiment for biomolecular NMR assignment. Comparison with the existing literature: The current book covers several conceptually different exotic approaches that are revolutionary and practical for higher-dimension NMR. To my knowledge, no other books have been published on the topic of fast NMR. Other recent classical NMR books described NMR theories and standard applications, e.g., Spin dynamics: basics of nuclear magnetic resonance (2nd edition, 2013) by M. H. Levitt, Understanding NMR spectroscopy (2nd edition, 2005) by J. Keeler, and Protein NMR spectroscopy: principles and practice (2nd edition, 2010) by J. Cavanagh, W. J. Fairbrother, A. G. Palmer III, M. Rance and N. J. Skelton. Challenges in nD FT-NMR lead to the appreciation of this book edited by M. Mobli and J. C. Hoch, which aims to improve nD NMR spectral resolution and SNR in various non-classical ways. Of course, other excellent and specialized reviews exist that are overlapping and complementary to the contents of the book, e.g., the design of single-scan NMR for higher-dimension NMR (Tal A., Frydman L. Single-scan multidimensional magnetic resonance. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 2010; 57(3): 241-292), sparse sampling in nD NMR (Kazimierczuk K., Stanek J., Zawadzka-Kazimierczuk A., Kozminski W. Random sampling in multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 2010; 57(4): 420-434), non-FT method in data processing (Mobli M., Hoch J. C. Nonuniform sampling and non-Fourier signal processing methods in multidimensional NMR. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 2014; 83: 21-41), and applications of fast NMR for biomolecular studies (Nowakowski M., Saxena S., Stanek J., Zerko S., Kozminski W. Applications of high dimensionality experiments to biomolecular NMR. Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 2015; 90-91: 49-73). Nevertheless, a preview and overview of fast NMR methods are provided in the book, not found elsewhere. Critical assessment: The book reviewed and explained the current applicable approaches to fasten NMR data acquisition and processing. Each method was given its theory, history, application, and future directions. Each chapter started with slightly different assumption about the level of readers' understanding. Despite its comprehensive coverage, the book missed some practical method like the popular iterative soft thresholding (IST) method (Hyberts S. G., Milbradt A. G., Wagner A. B., Arthanari H., Wagner G. Application of iterative soft thresholding for fast reconstruction of NMR data non-uniformly sampled with multidimensional Poisson gap scheduling. Journal of Biomolecular NMR 2012; 52(4): 315-327) which complemented the other fast NMR methods and may be included in the next edition. In addition, some chapters have overlapping content; some might have involved too complicated theory with less information on method application side. Overall, the chapters have their solid foundation in concept but lack interfaces for general NMR users to adopt the methods. The growing of fast NMR in application needs simplicity and robustness in new methods, which remain to be addressed. Readership recommendation: The book serves as a step stone for professional NMR scientists who are interested in adopting or developing fast data collection approaches for their own application and research. It is mainly recommended to readers like graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and principal investigators in NMR field. Scientists with little NMR background might need to digest basic NMR concepts before reading the book. Summary: The assembled book for fast NMR is a timely contribution from all expert authors and editors. It serves the NMR community with a new direction and a solid starting point for further fast NMR development. In the foreseeable future, some of the robust fast NMR approaches will revolutionize NMR data collection and improve resolution, like the era when the continuous-wave NMR was replaced by FT NMR in the last century. -- Kang Chen * Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry * The book serves as a step stone for professional NMR scientists who are interested in adopting or developing fast data collection approaches for their own application and research. The assembled book for fast NMR is a timely contribution from all expert authors and editors. It serves the NMR community with a new direction and a solid starting point for further fast NMR development. -- Kang Chen * Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry *

Providing a definitive reference source on novel methods in NMR acquisition and processing, this book will highlight similarities and differences between emerging approaches and focus on identifying which methods are best suited for different applications. The highly qualified editors have conducted extensive research into the fundamentals of fast methods of data acquisition in NMR, including applications of non-Fourier methods of spectrum analysis. With contributions from additional distinguished experts in allied fields, clear explanations are provided on methods that speed up NMR experiments using different ways to manipulate the nuclei in the sample, modern methods for estimating the spectrum from the time domain response recorded during an NMR experiment, and finally how the data is sampled. Starting with a historical overview of Fourier Transformation and its role in modern NMR spectroscopy, this volume will clarify and demystify this important emerging field for spectroscopists and analytical chemists in industry and academia.