Stem Cell-Based Tissue Repair - Hardcover

 
9781849730013: Stem Cell-Based Tissue Repair
Hardcover
ISBN 10: 1849730016 ISBN 13: 9781849730013
Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010

Inhaltsangabe

The need for customized stem cell therapies for specific conditions will be a major issue in the coming decades. This unique book by experts in the field reviews the subject as it stands today. Its coverage includes: basic and applied stem cell research and history; sources of adult stem cells; a comparison of difficulties in derivation, and the applications of embryonic and adult stem cells. Specific topics dealt with include advantages and problems associated with stem cell / matrix interactions and stem cell differentiation, difficulties using stem cells for clinical application, stem cell based tissue engineering - myth or reality, stem cells and immunity, natural biological matrices versus synthetic (biocompatibility and integration), stem cell delivery, labeling, imaging and tracking, bioreactors: 2D and 3D cell culturing for in-vitro studies and for stem cell implantation, ethical and safety issues and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).

Die Inhaltsangabe kann sich auf eine andere Ausgabe dieses Titels beziehen.

Über die Autorinnen und Autoren

Raphael Gorodetsky is Professor at the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem. He heads a multi-focus research group at Hadassah Hospital that investigates issues in tissue regeneration and adult stem cell isolation, expansion, differentiation and implantation. He is also the Co-founder and Chief Scientist of Hapto Biotech Israel, Ltd, a start up company at Hadassah Hospital that has now merged with Forticell Biosciences NY. Professor Gorodetsky received his B.Sc. in Biology, M.Sc. in Physiology, Neurobiology Physiology & Medical Physics, and PhD in Biophysics and Biomedical Studies from the Hebrew University at Hadassah. He then held a post doctoral research position in Experimental Radiobiology at the UCLA Medical Center. His work there centred on the effects of radiation on normal tissue regeneration and wound healing. He is also the author of more than 85 peer reviewed manuscripts and a number of book chapters. He holds numerous patents in different fields and has been invited to lecture at many leading international conferences. Dr Richard Schõfer is a specialist in internal and transfusion medicine. He is a scientist at the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. He also heads the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine at the University Hospital T³bingen in Germany. His work there centres on tissue regeneration and adult stem cell isolation, expansion, differentiation and transplantation. He is also head of an interdisciplinary working group on Molecular Stem Cell Imaging (MSCI).



Raphael Gorodetsky is Professor at the Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem. He heads a multi-focus research group at Hadassah Hospital that investigates issues in tissue regeneration and adult stem cell isolation, expansion, differentiation and implantation. He is also the Co-founder and Chief Scientist of Hapto Biotech Israel, Ltd, a start up company at Hadassah Hospital that has now merged with Forticell Biosciences NY. Professor Gorodetsky received his B.Sc. in Biology, M.Sc. in Physiology, Neurobiology Physiology & Medical Physics, and PhD in Biophysics and Biomedical Studies from the Hebrew University at Hadassah. He then held a post doctoral research position in Experimental Radiobiology at the UCLA Medical Center. His work there centred on the effects of radiation on normal tissue regeneration and wound healing. He is also the author of more than 85 peer reviewed manuscripts and a number of book chapters. He holds numerous patents in different fields and has been invited to lecture at many leading international conferences. Dr Richard Schõfer is a specialist in internal and transfusion medicine. He is a scientist at the Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology at Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. He also heads the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory of the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine at the University Hospital T³bingen in Germany. His work there centres on tissue regeneration and adult stem cell isolation, expansion, differentiation and transplantation. He is also head of an interdisciplinary working group on Molecular Stem Cell Imaging (MSCI).

Von der hinteren Coverseite

Regenerative medicine is a relatively new field of medical science with vast potential in different clinical applications. Stem Cell-Based Tissue Repair presents a wide range of approaches on stem cell-based regenerative medicine. The first part of the book introduces the reader to the history and different aspects of basic and applied stem cell research. It presents different sources of progenitor or stem cells whilst comparing their abilities. The difficulties in the practical derivation and application of stem cells from different sources are discussed. A more comprehensive overview of stem cell-based and matrix association in the attempt to regenerate organs with stem cell engineering is presented in parts two and three. The advantages and problems associated with the interactions of stem cells with different scaffold matrices, the differentiation potential of stem cells and the major difficulties associated with the application of stem cells for clinical practice are discussed. Issues relating to stem cell-based tissue regeneration and the possible immunomodulation and homing of stem cells and issues relating to the ability to establish good manufacturing practice are also addressed. The contributors to this book include experts from a wide range of different areas of regenerative medicine. They present their different points-of-view and possible approaches for tissue regeneration, as well as relevant considerations on how to incorporate the wide range of stem cell sources in different regenerative treatment regimens. It will be a valuable reference resource for students and researchers involved in cell biology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Auszug. © Genehmigter Nachdruck. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Stem Cell-Based Tissue Repair

By Raphael Gorodetsky, Richard Schäfer

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2011 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-84973-001-3

Contents

Chapter 1 Promises and Limitations in the Application of Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration Raphael Gorodetsky, 1, 
Chapter 2 Adult Non-hematopoietic Stem Cells and Progenitor Cells (aNHSCs) R. Schäfer and L. Dahéron, 22, 
Chapter 3 Screening Approaches for Stem Cells David G. Buschke, Derek J. Hei, Kevin W. Eliceiri and Brenda M. Ogle, 45, 
Chapter 4 Hematopoietic Stem Cells and their Role in Regenerative Medicine Eitan Fibach, 81, 
Chapter 5 Cord and Cord Blood: Valuable Resources with Potential for Liver Therapy Saba Habibollah, Marcin Jurga, Nico Forraz and Colin McGuckin, 89, 
Chapter 6 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Their Role in Modeling Disease and Regenerative Medicine Yonatan Stelzer and Marjorie Pick, 117, 
Chapter 7 Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells from Tissue Repair to Destruction of Tumor Cells Rita Bussolari, Giulia Grisendi, Luigi Cafarelli, Pietro Loschi, Laura Scarabelli, Antonio Frassoldati, Michela Maur, Giorgio De Santis, Paolo Paolucci, Pierfranco Conte and Massimo Dominici, 141, 
Chapter 8 Fibrin-based Matrices to Support Stem Cell-Based Tissue Regeneration Raphael Gorodetsky, Iris Mironi-Harpaz and Dror Seliktar, 159, 
Chapter 9 Culturing Non-hematopoietic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Requirements of GMP in Stem Cell-based Therapies Karen Bieback, Marianna Karagianni, Gerlinde Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier, Natalie Fekete and Hubert Schrezenmeier, 178, 
Chapter 10 (Stem) Cell Based Therapy for Neurological Disorders O. Einstein and T. Ben-Hur, 203, 
Chapter 11 Mesenchymal Osteogenic Precursors for Bone Repair and Regeneration Nicola Baldini, Dante Dallari and Francesca Perut, 235, 
Chapter 12 Stem Cells and Cartilage Repair Bernd Rolauffs, Andreas Badke, Kuno Weise, Alan J. Grodzinsky and Wilhelm K. Aicher, 248, 
Chapter 13 Stem Cell-based Replacement Tissue for Heart Repair Ayelet Lesman and Shulamit Levenberg, 273, 
Chapter 14 Regeneration of the Vascular System M. Schleicher, A. J. Huber, H. P. Wendel and U. A. Stock, 296, 
Chapter 15 Regenerative Strategies for the Endocrine Pancreas: From Islets to Stem Cells and Tissue Reprogramming Juan Domínguez-Bendala and Camillo Ricordi, 308, 
Chapter 16 Regeneration of the Lower Urinary Tract: Clinical Applications and Future Outlook Markus Renninger, Bastian Amend, Jörg Seibold, Gerhard Feil, Arnulf Stenzl and Karl-Dietrich Sievert, 324, 
Chapter 17 Effective Tissue Repair and Immunomodulation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells within a Milieu of Cytokines Philip Lim, Shyam A. Patel and Pranela Rameshwar, 346, 
Chapter 18 Homing of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reinhard Henschler, Erika Deak and Richard Schäfer, 366, 
Subject Index, 378,


CHAPTER 1

Promises and Limitations in the Application of Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

RAPHAEL GORODETSKY

Laboratory of Biotechnology and Radiobiology, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel


1.1 Factors Affecting Morphogenesis and Normal Cellular Organization in Tissues and Organs

Differentiated tissues are composed of different types of specialized cells organized into complex structures that form functional organs. Mammals higher in the phylogenetic tree are estimated to have at least 250 different cell types, which develop from early common embryonic stem cells and get organized in the different organs by a complex homing process which is so far only partially understood. In spite of the vast interest in this issue, very limited information is available with regard to the full cascades which regulate the migration of progenitor cells and integration in damaged tissues.

From early embryogenesis onward, the different cell types in complex organs get organized in a manner dictated by the fine balance between their rate of proliferation and self renewal on one hand, and cell death or apoptosis on the other hand. Signaling by a large number of membrane cell receptors is a crucial factor in the organization of tissues and organs from single cells, but the exact role of only a small portion of such signals has so far been investigated and deciphered. With current knowledge it is clear that the behavior of cells in normal tissues and tumors and their targeting and homing is dictated by interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and chemokines. There are also numerous direct messages transmitted by physical contact and various physical interactions, membrane potential, chemical messages, signaling agents that diffuse out from adjacent cells via cell–cell junctions, signals that are delivered systemically by the circulation and lymph pathways, or controlled stimulation by nerve ends through synapses. Not only the cells, but the whole organs do not operate autonomously and the function of one organ may be immediately affected by malfunctioning of others — even in cases where this interaction is not straightforward. For instance, lack of nerve input to tissues such as muscle will result in the degeneration of the muscles and massive cell loss in this tissue though it may be otherwise intact.


1.2 Endogenous Cell-based Repair of Damaged Tissues

Since in many disorders and injuries the repair of the damage and tissue regeneration is attributed to cells that reside in the damaged tissues, it is tempting to try to seek external delivery of reinforcement in the form of implanted differentiated or multipotent cells to help the organs overcome the complex healing process. The different options of cell-based therapies with different cell sources, matrix scaffolds and growth factors are summarized in Figure 1.1.

It should be noted that, in general, though the adult animals higher in the phylogenetic tree have the ability to somehow overcome tissue damage and repair trauma, this ability is limited to moderate injuries and in most cases such repair is also associated with the formation of non-functional scar tissue that replaces severely damaged tissue and may even interfere with the function of the healed organ. With a few exceptions, the ability to replace damaged organs is lost from the early stage of prenatal development and after birth, with a gradual decrease in the natural ability to fully repair severe damage and regenerate tissues in damaged organs. Therefore, it was suggested that organs can maintain functionality and repair spontaneously limited damage using a reservoir of an adequate stock of progenitor cells within the tissue. Such cells should exist as progenitors in soft and hard tissues with fast cell turnover. For instance in the gut, where the crypt cells divide regularly to repair and replace worn-out damaged gut tissue, and in bones, where the osteoblasts are constantly going through natural turnover which is regulated, among other factors, by physical load and growth hormones. In some cases it has been shown that the adult progenitor cells may have also limited trans-differentiation potential, which renders them partially multipotent stem cells. In most cases, the healing and cell replacement in damaged tissues is not performed by the differentiated functional cells, which have lost their proliferative potential along with their specialization. It is disputed as to what extent progenitor cells within tissues (often referred as pericytes) are involved in the repair of the damaged tissue by...

„Über diesen Titel“ kann sich auf eine andere Ausgabe dieses Titels beziehen.

Verlag
Royal Society of Chemistry
Erscheinungsdatum
2010
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN 10 
1849730016
ISBN 13 
9781849730013
Einband
Gebundene Ausgabe
Anzahl der Seiten
391
Herausgeber
Gorodetsky Raphael, Schafer Richard
Kontakt zum Hersteller
Nicht verfügbar
Verantwortliche Person
Nicht verfügbar