This book sets out to explore the emerging consequences of the so called ‘4th Industrial Revolution for the organisation of work and welfare.
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Max Neufeind is a researcher and policy adviser on the future of work.
Jacqueline O'Reilly is Professor of Comparative Human Resources at the University of Sussex Business School.
Florian Ranft is Head of Policy and International at Policy Network. Jacqueline O'Reilly is Professor of Comparative Human Resources at the University of Sussex Business School.
Preface, xvii,
Acknowledgements, xxi,
Introduction Identifying the challenges for work in the digital age Jacqueline O'Reilly, Florian Ranft and Max Neufeind, 1,
Part I. Debating the fourth industrial revolution, 25,
A. The destructive creation of employment in the digital age, 27,
Destructive creation: Explaining the productivity paradox in the digital age Luc Soete, 29,
Entrepreneurial finance in the era of intelligent tools and digital platforms: Implications and consequences for work Martin Kenney and John Zysman, 47,
Gender equality prospects and the fourth industrial revolution Debra Howcroft and Jill Rubery, 63,
No need for automation angst, but automation policies Daniel Arnold, Melanie Arntz, Terry Gregory, Susanne Steffes and Ulrich Zierahn, 75,
Value creation in the data-driven economy Paul Hofheinz, 89,
Shaping structural change in an era of new technology Robert D. Atkinson, 103,
B. The changing face of work in the digital age, 117,
The impact of artificial intelligence on employment Georgios Petropoulos, 119,
Game-changing technologies for European manufacturing Enrique Fernàndez-Macias, 133,
Mastering the digital transformation: An inclusive robotisation agenda Monique Kremer and Robert Went, 141,
Working in the gig economy: Insights from Europe Ursula Huws, Neil H. Spencer, Dag Sverre Syrdal and Kaire Holts, 153,
The platform economy: Consequences for labour, inequality and the environment Juliet B. Schor, 163,
Employment and regulation for clickworkers Janine Berg and Valerio De Stefano, 175,
C. Labour relations and the welfare state in the digital age, 185,
Redefining labour relations and capital in the digital age Colin Crouch, 187,
Rebalancing worker power in the networked economy: Toward collective regulation of outsourced and precarious work Virginia L. Doellgast, 199,
Collective action and bargaining in the digital era Cécile Jolly, 209,
British workers' rights after Brexit Kate Bell, 223,
Why adaptive technical skills systems are needed to capitalize on the technological revolution: Challenges for the UK Thomas Aubrey, 235,
The politics of social risks and social protection in digitalised economies Bruno Palier, 247,
The world of work in 2030: Four scenarios Salima Benhamou, 259,
Part II. Comparing digital discourses, 271,
A. High digital density EU countries, 273,
Denmark: Progressing the voluntarist approach Anna Ils0e, 275,
Finland: Teaching old dogs new tricks Jenni Karjalainen, 285,
Sweden: Will history lead the way in the age of robots and platforms? Fredrik Söderqvist, 295,
The Netherlands: The sectoral impact of digitalisation on employment and job quality Maarten Keune and Fabian Dekker, 305,
B. Medium digital density EU countries, 315,
Belgium: Reinvigorating the self-regulated labour market model Patrizia Zanoni, 317,
UK: Preparing for the digital revolution Olivia Bailey and Andrew Harrop, 333,
Ireland: How to escape the low learning trap in a runaway labour market Seán Ó Riain and Amy E. Healy, 345,
Austria: Challenging the perception of technology as an end in itself Jörg Flecker, 357,
Germany: Rebalancing the coordinated market economy in times of disruptive technologies Sven Rahner and Michael Schönstein, 371,
Spain: After the storm – at the crossroads between employment, job quality and technological change Rafael Grande, 385,
Portugal: Preparing the next generation Joana A. Vicente, 401,
C. Low digital density EU countries,
France: Moving up the digital ranks? Enzo Weber, 415,
Central and eastern Europe: Raising living standards through innovation-driven growth Jan Drahokoupil, 431,
Slovenia: Grassroots trade unions and the empowerment of the young Aleksandra Kanjuo Mrcela, 441,
Latvia: A case of paradigmatic misalignment Dmitrijs Kravcenko, 449,
Poland: Developing a smart digital agenda Maria Skora, 461,
Italy: Prioritising human capital Carlotta de Franceschi, 471,
Greece: In search of growth, work and welfare after the crisis Sotiria Theodoropoulou, 483,
D. Global perspectives, 495,
Canada: Opportunities for the many? Juan Gomez and Rafael Gomez, 497,
US: Balancing risks and improving job quality in a changing economy Arne L. Kalleberg, 513,
India: Livelihoods in a digital age of manufacturing Marc Saxer, 527,
Conclusion Political realities and a reform agenda for the digital age, 537,
About the authors, 571,
DESTRUCTIVE CREATION
Explaining the productivity paradox in the digital age
Luc Soete
The technology in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the use which human beings make of any technology which determines both the nature and extent of the benefits.
— Christopher Freeman
Debate regarding the impact of new technologies on jobs and the organisation of work has raged for decades, if not centuries. While notable, this is hardly surprising. After all, we talk today about the fourth industrial revolution, following on from the first, second and third industrial revolutions. To gain insights into what the potential impact of the current phase of disruption might be, taking a look at previous industrial revolutions is both logical and revealing.
In this short contribution, I will attempt to provide some analytical insights into the possible consequences of the fourth industrial revolution for work and incomes. In doing so, it follows the more detailed analysis of Daniel Arnold and colleagues on the digitalisation and automation of manufacturing processes (Arnold et al. 2016; see also Arnold et al. this volume). My analysis will primarily be based on comparing current developments with the immediately foregoing, third industrial revolution, the one most closely linked to the emergence and rapid diffusion of microelectronics and the computer in the last quarter of the 20th century. I limit myself to such a comparison for two reasons.
First, most of the technologies associated with the fourth industrial revolution can undoubtedly be described as 'new' and 'disruptive' in their current and future applications, but are in essence based on improvements and developments to technologies which are characteristic of the third industrial revolution, including microelectronics and in particular the continuous exponential improvements in the performance of integrated circuits following Moore's law. As Klaus Schwab of the World Economic Forum put it, this built on the foundations prepared by the third industrial revolution. The improvements of these technological advancements, and improvements to processing speeds, continuously opened new areas for further research in robotics, and many other technologies associated with the fourth industrial revolution: 3D printing, quantum computing, artificial intelligence (AI) (Petropoulos this volume), the 'internet of things' (Fernandez-Macias this volume), nanotechnology, biotechnology, materials science, energy storage, and in many other fields. Unsurprisingly, since the 1990s, microelectronics has been identified by economists as the most...
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