The book illustrates how insidiously the problem of race connects post-racially with a range of negative discourses and images conjured up by the narrative of the War on Terror.
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Yassir Morsi lectures in Politics and Philosophy at La Trobe University, Australia. He is a regular contributor to The Guardian.
PART I: Introduction, 1,
1 (My Other) Research Question, 3,
2 Background (or the Muslim's Psychic Register) to Question, 15,
3 (My Auto-ethnographic) Method, Outline and Objectives, 25,
PART II: FABULOUS, 35,
4 Introducing (the First Act or) Case Study One, 37,
5 (The 'Fabulous' Mask of) Waleed Aly, 47,
6 Finding(s) in Case Study One (the First Orientalism), 55,
PART III: MILITANT, 63,
7 Introducing (the Second Act or) Case Study Two, 65,
8 (The 'Militant' Mask of) Hamza Yusuf, 75,
9 Finding(s) in Case Study Two (the Second Orientalism), 85,
PART IV: TRIUMPHANT, 93,
10 Introducing (The Third Act or) Case Study Three, 95,
11 (The 'Triumphant' Mask of) Maajid Nawaz, 101,
12 Finding(s) in Case Study Three (the Third Orientalism), 111,
PART V: CONCLUSION, 119,
13 The Social (Ir)relevance of Research, 121,
14 (Questioning My) Contribution, 135,
15 (The Lack of a) Conclusion (or the Mobius Strip), 143,
Notes, 153,
Bibliography, 163,
Index, 169,
(My Other) Research Question
1
On 9/11, following the second plane's collision, and without much thought, I asked myself a rather worrying question. It has haunted me ever since. At the time, I knew little about politics, little about the Middle East or about al-Qaeda. No evidence as to who was responsible for the attacks had been provided, yet somehow, I knew of a responsible Other and I whispered to myself, 'what have we done?'
2
I suspect that I am an undisciplined and early scholar who lacks scholarly pace. Case in point, I will start by mentioning the wonderful Ashis Nandy and his brilliant work The Intimate Enemy. It greatly influenced me. And, I recall it fondly. But, I never closely read it and after the next paragraph or so, I will not bring it up again. Instead of dutifully giving a reading of Nandy's important arguments, as a better-paced scholar might, I will simply introduce a point and rush through to my next idea. I only mention his book because of what he provoked in me. For, this is my approach. I wish to trace the impacts of my experiences in reading scholarly work as much as recall the content of the work itself.
When I first read Nandy as a wide-eyed student, a most forceful point came to my realisation. And, my then crude attempt to 'talk back to empire' began to take shape. This is why I remember his book. In Nandy I found an angle, a trajectory and a path. I found an opponent, and myself, and I awoke politically to gain a misgiving for the 'states of mind' of the colonised, awoke to the politicised Muslim who carries with them a project unbeknown to me at the time.
I also mention this only because I wish to warn my studious reader that my book's method (or lack of) is its haphazard style. Throughout my life as a Muslim of the West, I have too often appropriated works and (mis)read them to sound smart or play angry or figure things out as I go along. Such an approach has helped me with the arsenal of complexes that come with growing up as a person of colour. But, because of this wayward method, I am repeatedly, typically, left with a hazy incomplete recollection of things and what I wish to say. I only partly understand and reconstruct what an author like Nandy says. Yes, upon reflection, I have gained a dictionary of anti-colonial or anti-racist terms. And yes, I have an impression of the work's importance. But, I rarely achieve a clear or complete view of their thoughts. It has not only shaped the way I think, but how I have learnt to write. I guess this is the result of years of bad habits, and my impatience to fight the West.
I admit now that I pursued a tongue of fast-talking intellectualism. Words became my shield and concepts my weapon. So, I flipped quickly through pages and searched about for the aesthetics of a critical postcolonial scholarship to find myself a subjectivity, to fight racism, to be Muslim. I inherited what Nandy calls the 'the crudity and inanity' of colonialism.
I found this rewarding until my subjectivity collapsed, that is, until I read Fanon.
3
This book resulted from exploring this collapse. It mixes partly read things with partly expressed Islams and partly recalled memories. It is written in the mood of a Dionysian drunkenness, which I will explain in more detail shortly. But for now I wish to put words to what I mean, and say the West is home and it is not; I hate it and love it, and hate to love it; I denounce the rhetoric of freedom in my pursuit of freedom. This dual and ambivalent aim too often imbalances me. Whether I am conscious or not, I read to write in ways where one part of me abrogates the other.
With all that said, I also believe a single aim binds my approach. My political habit is to make visible the (less than visible) centre of Western society's racialised power, to identify the traps of whiteness. I want to mention such debasing power, work through it, and to denounce the illusionary standards it demands from me. I want to explore the many ways I am compelled to be a good or bad Muslim.
I have come to dislike the neatness of the good Muslim, in thinking and talking about Islam and racism. I am repetitive and disorganized. I dislike the right angles of today's scholarship. I hate the performance of a balanced Islam. It is such a lie. The Muslim world is in turmoil and so am I. It is violent. It is regressive. It is burning and harmfully patriarchal and its beautiful and everything in between. It is in a sense to me partly known and a greatly unknown thing, and I must reject the therapeutic tones of a good Muslim who speaks to help ease (a very privileged) white anxiety and speak of it through common sense and a flow of premises. For the Dionysian thrown-ness that I will describe and have and inherited as a Muslim of the West deserves words beyond those of 'terrorist' or 'radical' or 'moderate' or 'good.' And, so I ramble to make sense of it all.
4
As a short summary, Nandy describes two types of colonialisms. Occupation of lands defines the obvious first, while 'rationalists, secularists and liberals' advance the less-obvious second. The second type of colonialism sees elites offer Western thought as a gift to the primitives. Here colonialism masks itself through a noble speech of bettering natives. But the second type is a withdrawal from the first. The root of it lies in the logic of the first type of colonialism. For such lofty aims of liberating us through their culture is an excellent lie, to erase the footprints of Europe's violence. It helps the colonialists fall into a fantasy of their civility to solve their original barbarity. Hence the undertaking of an Apollonian 'Westernese' babble of promoting civility erases the Dionysian results of its making.
5
For the benefit of the readers, this somewhat messy 'auto-ethnography' best start with its major point. In its easiest form, in a single (though vague) sentence, I propose that the Apollonian colonises half of Muslims today. By half, I mean conceptually not numerically. I mean the moderate of the moderate/radical binary. I use the Apollonian to mean the aesthetics of conversation that conceals colonialism's bloodied past. It stands for the beauty of...
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