Accomplished public speakers know that just a few enduring principles govern the key to success. Based on scientific evidence and years of careful observation of highly successful public speakers, James O’Rourke has gathered 51 basic truths about confident presenting, organized into ten easily mastered categories in ‘The Truth about Confident Presenting’. Current relevant examples and specific instructions on how to apply these truths form the centrepiece of each brief chapter. Everything you need is right here – from audience research to topic selection, organization patterns, forms of evidence, principles of persuasion, delivery techniques, nonverbal mannerisms, anxiety and event management.
Great presenters aren’t born that way. They become great by focusing on their message, the needs of the audience, patterns of organization and the details of presenting. Confident, effective public speaking is not easy, but it’s certainly doable. Everything you need is right here in ‘The Truth about Confident Presenting’.
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James S. O'Rourke IV, teaching professor of management and the Arthur F. and Mary J. O'Neil Director of the Eugene D. Fanning Center for Business Communication at the University of Notre Dame, USA, is a widely regarded consultant among 'Fortune 500' companies in the United States and around the world.
Foreword, ix,
Introduction, xi,
Part I Some Initial Truths,
TRUTH 1 Public speaking is not easy, but it's certainly doable, 1,
TRUTH 2 The key to success is preparation, 5,
TRUTH 3 Rehearsal is essential, 9,
TRUTH 4 Emulating good speakers makes you better, 13,
TRUTH 5 Establish goals for your presentation, 17,
TRUTH 6 A presentation is a learning occasion, 21,
Part II The truth About Getting Ready to speak,
TRUTH 7 Talk is the work, 25,
TRUTH 8 Know what your audience is looking for, 29,
TRUTH 9 There is a difference between speaking and writing, 33,
TRUTH 10 Preparing a presentation is a relatively simple process, 37,
TRUTH 11 Begin by analyzing your audience, 41,
TRUTH 12 Know your audience, 45,
Part III The truth About What Makes People Listen,
TRUTH 13 Understand what makes people listen, 49,
TRUTH 14 Your speaking style makes a difference, 53,
TRUTH 15 Anticipate the questions your audience brings to your presentation, 57,
TRUTH 16 Listening matters, 61,
TRUTH 17 Being an active listener brings real benefits, 65,
TRUTH 18 You can overcome the barriers to successful communication, 69,
Part IV The Truth About Developing support for Your Presentation,
TRUTH 19 Develop support for your presentation, 73,
TRUTH 20 Understand the power of your content, 77,
TRUTH 21 The kinds and quality of evidence matter to your audience, 81,
TRUTH 22 Structure can help carry an inexperienced speaker, 85,
TRUTH 23 Find support for your presentation, 89,
TRUTH 24 Use the Internet to support your presentation, 93,
Part V the truth About Getting Up to speak,
TRUTH 25 Select a delivery approach, 99,
TRUTH 26 Your introduction forms their first impression, 103,
TRUTH 27 Begin with a purpose in mind, 107,
TRUTH 28 Keep your audience interested, 111,
TRUTH 29 Conclusions are as important as introductions, 115,
TRUTH 30 Have confidence in your preparation, 119,
TRUTH 31 Repeat the process as often as possible, 123,
Part VI The Truth About Managing Anxiety,
TRUTH 32 All speakers get nervous, 127,
TRUTH 33 Recognize anxiety before it begins, 131,
TRUTH 34 Deal with nervous behaviors, 135,
TRUTH 35 Keep your nervousness to yourself, 139,
Part VII the truth About Nonverbal Communication,
TRUTH 36 Most information is transferred nonverbally, 143,
TRUTH 37 The nonverbal process can work for you, 147,
TRUTH 38 Nonverbal communication has specific functions, 151,
TRUTH 39 Nonverbal communication is governed by key principles, 155,
TRUTH 40 Nonverbal communication has an effect on your audience, 159,
Part VIII the truth About Visual Aids,
TRUTH 41 Visual aids can help your audience understand your message, 163,
TRUTH 42 Understand visual images before you use them, 167,
TRUTH 43 Choose the right visual, 171,
TRUTH 44 Use PowerPoint effectively, 175,
TRUTH 45 Consider speaking without visuals, 179,
Part IX the truth About Handling an Audience,
TRUTH 46 Assess the mood of your audience, 183,
TRUTH 47 Answer the audience's questions, 187,
TRUTH 48 Handle hostility with confidence, 191,
Part X the truth About What Makes a Presentation Work,
TRUTH 49 Know as much as possible about the location, 195,
TRUTH 50 Use the microphone to your advantage, 199,
TRUTH 51 Know your limits, 203,
References, 207,
Acknowledgments, 209,
TRUTH 1
Public speaking is not easy, but it's certainly doable
If you've ever had to make a presentation, you know the anxiety that comes with speaking in public. Even experienced speakers can feel flustered, sweaty, anxious and apprehensive. That's a perfectly natural reaction to a threatening situation. And when you know you're being evaluated, you feel even more threatened. Your perception of a threat causes you to release adrenal fluids, dilate your pupils, tense your muscles, and provokes a "fight or flight" response.
You understand the consequences of not doing well, of failing to impress an audience or not coming through for a client when it really matters. You know all too well what can go wrong.
Good public speakers tend to focus on what can go right. They concentrate on the positive aspects of their message and how it can benefit their audience. Once they detect a positive response from their listeners, that perception serves to reinforce a sense of self-confidence, reassurance and belief that they can do this.
The fact is, public speaking is a learned skill. It's not something you're born with or that comes naturally. You're certainly born with the propensity to speak and gesture, but given the short range of the human voice, those skills are clearly intended for interpersonal or small-group settings. Speaking to a larger audience is a skill that must be learned, rehearsed and reinforced through repeated opportunities.
Keep this in mind: Very few small children are great public speakers. So how do young managers (and others) get to be so good at presenting complex information to an audience that has little interest or motivation in learning? More to the point, how do they get the audience to act on the message being shared? The answer, in part, lies in the response to the classic New York pedestrian's question, "How do I get to Carnegie Hall?" The response? "Practice, practice, practice."
People with very little natural ability as a child have become 1 exceptional public speakers by the time they reach their twenties and thirties. Great orators, politicians and business leaders develop professional speaking skills by analyzing both their audience and their purpose for speaking. They prepare meticulously and seek out opportunities to present; then they learn what is effective from the audiences' feedback.
Every speaker who is honest with you will admit to being anxious or nervous before a presentation. Entertainers and comedians like David Letterman and the late Johnny Carson have talked at length about the anxiety that accompanies a walk onto the stage to perform. There is a subtle difference between them and most speakers-in-training. Experienced presenters use that sense of apprehension to their advantage: they review their notes, they think about what the audience expects of them, they rehearse their opening lines and they internalize the essence of their message. They are, in a word, prepared.
Great speakers may seem to perform with an ease that makes it all look effortless, but the most honest of them will tell you that it didn't come easily. It requires dedication, discipline and a commitment to improve. You can do the same. The moment to begin is now.
CHAPTER 2TRUTH 2
The key to success is preparation
Effective preparation for a presentation involves more than practice, but it's all relatively easy if you take it step-by-step.
In the fourth century BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle gathered his students around him near the city of Athens and passed along a small bit of wisdom: things will go better during a speech if you're properly prepared. In a collection of his...
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