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Unknown Revolution: 1917–1921 - Softcover

Voline, Voline

 
9781629635774: Unknown Revolution: 1917–1921
Softcover
ISBN 10: 1629635774 ISBN 13: 9781629635774
Verlag: PM Press, 2019

Inhaltsangabe

This is the untold story of the Russian Revolution: its antecedents, its far-reaching changes, its betrayal by Bolshevik terror, and the massive resistance of non-Bolshevik revolutionaries. This in-depth, eyewitness history written by Voline, an outspoken activist in the Russian Revolution, is accompanied by a biography of the author by Rudolf Rocker and a contemporary introduction by anarchist historian Iain McKay.

Significant attention is given to what the author describes as “struggles for the real Social Revolution”; that is, the uprising of the sailors and workers of Kronstadt in 1921, and the peasant movement that Nestor Makhno led in Ukraine. These movements, which sought to defend the social revolution from destruction by the politicians, provide important material for a clearer understanding of both the original objectives of the Russian Revolution and the problems with which all revolutions with far-reaching social objectives have to contend.

Drawing on the revolutionary press of the time, Voline reveals the deep cleavage between the objectives of the libertarians and those of the Bolsheviks, differences which the latter “resolved” by ruthlessly eliminating all who stood in their way in the struggle for power.

This edition is a translation of the full text of La Révolution inconnue, originally published in French in 1947. It reinstates material omitted from earlier English-language editions and reproduces the complete text of the original volumes.

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Über die Autorinnen und Autoren

Voline (Vsevolod Mikhailovich Eikhenbaum, 1882–1945), writer, educator, poet, and anarchist, was an outspoken activist in the Russian Revolution. Exiled by the Tsarist tribunal, then sentenced to death by Trotsky and rescued amid protests, he never ceased to live up to his chosen nom de guerre based on the Russian word for freedom.



Iain McKay is an independent anarchist writer and researcher. He was the main author of An Anarchist FAQ as well as numerous other works, including Mutual Aid: An Introduction and Evaluation. In addition, he has edited and introduced Property Is Theft! A Pierre-Joseph Proudhon Anthology; Direct Struggle Against Capital: A Peter Kropotkin Anthology; and Kropotkin’s 1913 book Modern Science and Anarchy.



Rudolf Rocker (1873–1958) was one of the most prominent writers, speakers, and activists of anarchism’s classical period. His works include Nationalism and Culture and Anarcho-Syndicalism: Theory and Practice. Rocker was an outspoken critic of the suppression of individual freedom and anarchism under Russian communism and a supporter of the Kronstadt uprising and Nestor Makhno’s peasant movement in Ukraine.

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The Unknown Revolution 1917–1921

By Voline

PM Press

Copyright © 2019 PM Press
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-62963-577-4

Contents

Introduction to the 2019 edition by Iain McKay, 
Voline by Rudolf Rocker, 
Introduction: Some Essential Preliminary Notes, 
Preface, 
BOOK I BIRTH, GROWTH AND TRIUMPH OF THE REVOLUTION (1825–1917), 
PART I: THE FIRST FRUITS (1825–1905), 
1 Russia at the Beginning of the 19th Century; Birth of the Revolution, 
2 Repression, Violence and Failure; Development Continues (1825–1855), 
3 Reforms; Resumption of the Revolution; "The Failure of Tsarism" and the Failure of Revolution; Reaction (1855–1881), 
4 The End of the Century; Marxism; Rapid Evolution; Reaction (1881–1900), 
5 The 20th Century; Hasty Development; Revolutionary Advance; Results (1900–1905), 
PART II: THE JOLT (1905–1906), 
1 The Gaponist Epic; First General Strike, 
2 The Birth of the "Soviets", 
3 The Disastrous War; Victory of a Revolutionary Strike, 
4 Defeat of the Revolution; Evaluation of the Jolt, 
5 The "Pause" (1905–1917), 
PART III: THE EXPLOSION (1917), 
1 War and Revolution, 
2 Triumph of the Revolution, 
3 Toward the Social Revolution, 
4 Toward a Socialist Government; The Poverty of Socialism, 
5 The Bolshevik Revolution, 
BOOK II BOLSHEVISM AND ANARCHISM, 
PART I: TWO CONCEPTIONS OF THE REVOLUTION, 
1 Two Opposing Conceptions of Social Revolution, 
2 Causes and Consequences of the Bolshevik Conception, 
PART II: ABOUT THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION, 
1 Bolsheviks and Anarchists Before October, 
2 Anarchist Position on the October Revolution, 
3 Other Disagreements, 
4 Some Reflections, 
PART III: AFTER OCTOBER, 
1 The Bolsheviks in Power; Differences Between the Bolsheviks and the Anarchists, 
2 The Fatal Descent, 
3 The Anarchist Organizations, 
4 The Unknown Anarchist Press in the Russian Revolution, 
5 Some Personal Experiences, 
PART IV: REPRESSION, 
1 The Preparations, 
2 The Discharge, 
3 Unrestrained Fury, 
4 The Case of Leon Tchorny and Fanny Baron, 
5 The Case of Lefevre, Vergeat and Lepetit, 
6 A Personal Experience, 
7 The Final Settlement, 
8 The Extinguisher, 
9 The Deception of Visiting Delegations, 
10 Bolshevik "Justice", 
PART V: THE BOLSHEVIK STATE, 
1 Nature of the Bolshevik State, 
2 Situation of the Workers, 
3 Situation of the Peasants, 
4 Situation of the Functionaries, 
5 Political Structure, 
6 General View, 
7 Achievements, 
8 Counter-Revolution, 
BOOK III STRUGGLES FOR THE REAL SOCIAL REVOLUTION, 
Foreword, 
PART I: KRONSTADT (1921), 
1 Geographical Notes, 
2 Kronstadt Before the Revolution, 
3 Kronstadt as the Vanguard of the Revolution, 
4 Kronstadt Turns Against the Bolshevik Imposture, 
5 Last Act: The End of Independence, 
PART II: UKRAINE (1918–1921), 
1 Mass Movement in the Ukraine, 
2 Formation of the Makhnovist Insurrectionary Army, 
3 Denikin's Offensives and Final Defeat, 
4 The Makhnovists in the Liberated Regions, 
5 Wrangel's Offensive and Defeat, 
6 Third and Last War of the Bolsheviks Against the Makhnovists and Anarchists; Defeat of the Insurrectionary Army, 
7 The Fate of Makhno and Some of His Comrades; Epilogue, 
8 Testament of the Makhnovshchina to the Workers of the World, 
APPENDIX I Voline Meets Trotsky in April 1917, 
APPENDIX II A Bibliographical Sketch, 
APPENDIX III Russian Revolutionary Parties, 
APPENDIX IV The Structure of the Soviet State, 
INDEX, 
ABOUT THE AUTHORS,


CHAPTER 1

Russia at the Beginning of the 19th Century; Birth of the Revolution


The enormous size of the country, a sparse population whose disunity makes it an easy prey for invaders, Mongol domination for more than two centuries, continual wars, varied catastrophes and other unfavorable factors caused the enormous political, economic, social and cultural backwardness of Russia in relation to other European countries.

Politically, Russia entered the 19th century under the rule of an absolute monarchy (the autocratic "Tsar") which was dependent on an enormous landed and military aristocracy, an omnipotent bureaucracy, an extensive and pious clergy, and a peasant mass consisting of 75,000,000 souls — primitive, illiterate and prostrate before their "little father," the Tsar.

Economically, the country had reached the stage of a type of agrarian feudalism. Except for the two capitals (St. Petersburg and Moscow) and some cities in the South, the cities were hardly developed. Commerce and particularly industry stagnated. The economic base of the country was agriculture which supported 95% of the population. The land did not belong to the direct producers, the peasants, but was the property of the State or of large landed proprietors, the "pomeshchiks." The peasants, legally tied to the land and to the property-owner, were his serfs. The largest proprietors owned veritable fiefs, inherited from their ancestors who, in turn, had received them from the sovereign, the first proprietor, in exchange for services rendered (military, administrative or other). The "lord" determined the life and death of his serfs. He not only made them work as slaves; he could also sell them, punish them and make martyrs out of them (he could kill them without much inconvenience to himself). This serfdom, this slavery on the part of 75,000,000 people, was the economic foundation of the State.

It is hardly possible to talk of the social organization of such a "society." On top were the absolute masters: the Tsar, his numerous relatives, his slavish court, the high nobility, the military caste, the high clergy. On the bottom, the slaves: peasant-serfs in the countryside and the lower class people of the cities, who lacked all notions of civic life, all rights, all freedoms. Between the two, there were certain intermediate strata: merchants, bureaucrats, functionaries, artisans and others — colorless and insignificant.

It is clear that the cultural level of the society was not very high. Nevertheless, already for this period we have to make an important reservation: a striking contrast which we will again describe later, existed between the uneducated and poverty-stricken population of the cities and villages and the privileged strata whose education and training were quite advanced.

The serfdom of the masses was the plague of the country. A few noble-spirited individuals had already protested against this abomination toward the end of the 18th century. They had to pay dearly for their generous gesture. On the other hand, the peasants rebelled with increasing frequency against their masters. Besides local uprisings of a more or less individual nature (against one or another lord who went too far), the peasant masses gave rise to two extensive movements (the Razin uprising in the 17th and the Pugachev uprising in the 18th century) which, though they failed, created enormous problems for the Tsarist government and nearly overthrew the entire system. It should be noted, however, that these two spontaneous movements were directed mainly against the immediate enemy: the landed nobility, the urban aristocracy and the corrupt administration. No general idea of overthrowing the social system in its entirety and replacing it with another and more...

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Verlag
PM Press
Erscheinungsdatum
2019
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN 10 
1629635774
ISBN 13 
9781629635774
Einband
Taschenbuch
Anzahl der Seiten
752
Kontakt zum Hersteller
Nicht verfügbar
Verantwortliche Person
Libri GmbH
gpsr@libri.de

Europaallee 1
Bad Hersfeld
Hessen
Deutschland