Machine Translation: A Practical Guide for Translators with Arabic Examples - Softcover

Inhaltsangabe

The present book is designed mainly as a text book for undergraduate students in the department of foreign languages. It deals with Machine translation issue which is no longer a modern issue these days. The start of MT was in the 17th century when philosophers such as Leibniz and Descartes designed proposals for codes through which they wanted to create a relationship between languages. All of these proposals remained theoretical, and none resulted in the development of anything like MT. In the 1960s, in the Soviet Union and the United States, research concentrated mainly on the translation between Russia and English. The translation mainly concentrated on scientific and technical documents. The rough translations produced were sufficient to get a basic understanding of the articles. On the other hand, if the ST had a confidential importance, the governments resorted to a human translator instead. It deserves mentioning that early systems used large bilingual dictionaries and hand-coded rules for fixing the word order in the final output which was eventually proved to be too restrictive. In the 1980th and early 1990th, there was a kind of diversity and wealth in MT systems (I.e. MT systems such as Systran, Logos, Ariane-G5 and Metal).In addition, in 1980th there was an activity in the research in machine translation .The fifth generation of computer which appeared in Japan then constituted a leap that led to the appearance of a number of modern MT systems (i.e. statistical machine translation ‘SMT’ and example-based machine translation ‘EBMT’). The research in MT systems nowadays is based on developing both SMT and EBMT. The aim is to develop a modern MT system which is domain-unlimited rather than such domain-limited MT systems. Hybrid technology also constitutes a modern trend in MT systems. Such hybrid systems combine both rule-based strategies and statistical methods in order to get the best results from MT. Machine translation now is considered one of those available contemporary modern technologies these days. It is used by specialists as well as by non-specialists in schools, Universities and in any educational institutions in which English language is used. Our students use electronic dictionaries and machine translation as an aid which enables them the understanding of difficult vocabulary or a piece of writing for example. But when the matter comes to professional translation, MT and electronic dictionaries will not be sufficient for the purpose. A machine is incapable of giving a communicative or acceptable translation for certain cultural or artistic elements in certain texts for example. Therefore, collaboration between a human translators and MT is desired for the best results. Therefore, this book is based on the idea of training and helping undergraduate English department students to achieve the ultimate benefit from machine translation (MT) as much as possible as well to save more time and effort. In order to achieve the goals planned, students should be equipped with a considerable theoretical background about MT systems and strategies as well as recognizing important issues and concepts relevant to such technology. MT is a modern technological device which may be useful if it is used effectively and may not also be effective if it is used improperly. Our main aim is to help students use such modern device for their benefit. This may help them achieve success in the business market in their career as translators. Students, future translators need less time and effort to achieve the tasks assigned to them in their business.

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