Stretching across southern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and Belize, the Maya Forest, or Selva Maya, constitutes one of the last large blocks of tropical forest remaining in North and Central America. Home to Mayan-speaking people for more than 5,000 years, the region is also uncommonly rich in cultural and archaeological resources.
Timber, Tourists, and Temples brings together the leading biologists, social scientists, and conservationists working in the region to present in a single volume information on the intricate social and political issues, and the complex scientifc and management problems to be resolved there. Following an introductory chapter that presents GIS and remote sensing data, the book: considers perspectives on managing forest resources and the forestry and conservation policies of each nation examines efforts by communities to manage their forest resources explains the connections between resource conservation and use by local people highlights research projects that integrate baseline biological research with impact assessments explains the need to involve local people in conservation effort
Timber, Tourists, and Temples
explores methods of supporting the biological foundation of the Maya Forest and keeping alive that unique and diverse ecosystem. While many areas face similar development pressures, few have been studied as much or for as long as the Maya Forest. The wealth of information included in this pathbreaking work will be valuable not only for researchers involved with the Maya Forest but for anyone concerned with the protection, use, and management of tropical forest ecosystems throughout the world.
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Richard B. Primack is professor of biology at Boston University. He is currently investigating the impact of climate change on the flowering and leafing out times of plants; the spring arrival of birds and the flight times of insects in Massachusetts, Japan, and South Korea; and the potential for ecological mismatches among species caused by climate change. The main geographical focus is Concord, Massachusetts, due to the availability of extensive phenological records kept by Henry David Thoreau and later naturalists. He is using Concord as a living laboratory to determine the effects of climate change species, and land use changes on the population dynamics of native and non-native species. He is also comparing results from Concord with long-term changes at Acadia National Park in Maine. An expanding interest is the variation among species in leafing out times and leaf senescence times, and the physiological control of these processes. An ongoing activity involves producing conservation biology textbooks and working with co-authors to produce textbooks in other languages. In addition, Primack serves as Editor-in-Chief of the international journal Biological Conservation.
David Barton Bray is currently Professor in the Environmental Studies Department at Florida International University and Director of the Institute for Sustainability Science in the Latin American and Caribbean Center at FIU. He carries out research on community forest management in Mexico and Central America and pursues interests in natural resource and ecosystem management in Latin America and globally. He was Chair and Associate Professor in the Environmental Studies Department at FIU from 1997-2002. He received his Ph.D. from Brown University in 1983 in Anthropology and also has a master's degree in Anthropology from Brown and a B.A. in Anthropology from the University of Missouri. From 1983-1986 he was Assistant Director and Visiting Assistant Professor at the Roger Thayer Stone Center for Latin American Studies at Tulane University. From 1986-1997 he was Foundation Representative with the Inter-American Foundation, a U.S. government foreign assistance agency, in Arlington, VA. With the IAF he worked in Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay 1986-1989 and in Mexico from 1989-1997. From 1992-1998 he was a member of the Tropical Ecosystems Directorate of the US Man and the Biosphere Program. In 1997 he left the IAF to take up the position at FIU.
Since 1997, he has received research funding from the Fulbright Program, the Ford Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, the Tinker Foundation, and the US Agency for International Development. He has also consulted for the MacArthur Foundation, the Ford Foundation, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. He is the lead editor of the book The Community Forests of Mexico (University of Texas Press, 2005) and is widely published in academic journals such as Conservation Biology, World Development, Land Use Policy, and Forest Policy and Economics and in journalistic outlets such as the New York Times and the Miami Herald. He has been invited to give presentations on research by himself and colleagues for high level Chinese forestry officials in Beijing, the World Bank in Washington, D.C. and Mexico City, the Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resources of Mexico, and at Yale University, among other venues. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Ecologic, a Cambridge, MA NGO and an advisor to several forest community organizations in Mexico and is currently developing research and action projects with forest community organizations in the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Foundation.
Hugo A. Galletti works with the National Union of Communal Forestry Organizations in Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.
Ismael Ponciano is director of the Center for Conservation at San Carlos University in Guatemala City, Guatemala.
About Island Press,
Title Page,
Copyright Page,
Acknowledgements,
Introduction: The Maya Forest,
Part I - A Regional Approach to the Maya Forest,
Chapter 1 - A Regional Approach to Conservation in the Maya Forest,
Chapter 2 - One Forest, Two Nations: The Chiquibul Forest of Belize and Guatemala,
Part II - Forest Policy and Management and the Emergence of Community Forestry,
Reference,
Chapter 3 - The Maya Forest of Quintana Roo: Thirteen Years of Conservation and Community Development,
Chapter 4 - Forest Management in Quintana Roo, Mexico,
Chapter 5 - Sustaining Harvests of Mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla King) from Mexico's Yucatán Forests: Past, Present, and Future,
Chapter 6 - The Maya Forest in Campeche, Mexico: Experiences in Forest Management at Calakmul,
Chapter 7 - Forestry Policy and Protected Areas in the Petén, Guatemala,
Chapter 8 - Community Forest Concessions: An Economic Alternative for the Maya Biosphere Reserve in the Petén, Guatemala,
Chapter 9 - Forest Management and Conservation in Belize: A Brief Background,
Part III - Nontimber Forest Products in Conservation Strategies,
References,
Chapter 10 - Nontimber Forest Products in Community Development and Conservation: The Palm Desmoncus schippii in Gales Point, Belize,
Chapter 11 - Governmental and Customary Arrangements Guiding Chicle Latex Extraction in Petén, Guatemala,
Chapter 12 - The Impact of Hunting on Wildlife in the Maya Forest of Mexico,
Chapter 13 - Monitoring Nontimber Forest Product Harvest for Ecological Sustainability: A Case Study of Huano (Sabal mauritiiformis) in the Río Bravo Conservation and Management Area, Belize,
Chapter 14 - Buffer Zone Management: Lessons for the Maya Forest,
Part IV - Biodiversity Research for Conservation,
Chapter 15 - Toward Sustainable Forestry in Belize,
Chapter 16 - The Peregrine Fund's Maya Project: Ecological Research, Habitat Conservation, and Development of Human Resources in the Maya Forest,
Chapter 17 - Dynamics and Ecology of Natural and Managed Forests in Quintana Roo, Mexico,
Part V - Community Development, Conservation, and Ecotourism,
Chapter 18 - The Global Environment and Galacia, the New Ejidal Population Center, Marqués de Comillas Zone, Ocosingo, Chiapas,
Chapter 19 - What Is the Forest to a Small Farmer? Interview with Raymundo Terrón Santana,
Chapter 20 - Organic Coffee Production and the Conservation of Natural Resources in Las Margaritas, Chiapas,
Chapter 21 - The Bio-Itzá Reserve: History of an Indigenous Effort to Conserve the Maya Itzá Community of San José, El Petén, Guatemala,
Chapter 22 - Community-Based Ecotourism in the Maya Forest: Problems and Potentials,
Chapter 23 - Community-Based Development As a Conservation Tool: The Community Baboon Sanctuary and the Gales Point Manatee Project,
Chapter 24 - Illuminating the Petén's Throne of Gold: The ProPetén Experiment in Conservation-Based Development,
Chapter 25 - The Belize Zoo: Grassroots Efforts in Education and Outreach,
Common Terms and Names,
Common Acronyms,
Contributors,
Name Index,
Subject Index,
Island Press Board of Directors,
A Regional Approach to Conservation in the Maya Forest
Chris Rodstrom, Silvio Olivieri, and Laura Tangley
Stretching over southern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and Belize, the Maya Forest, or Selva Maya, constitutes one of the last large blocks of tropical forest remaining in North and Central America. Home to Mayan-speaking people for over 5,000 years, the region is also uncommonly rich in cultural and archaeological resources. Yet the survival of this vast bioregion, which at the peak of Maya civilization supported more than 5 million people, is endangered by fewer than 1 million people today.
Major threats to the Maya Forest include illegal logging, cattle ranching, and unsustainable forms of subsistence agriculture. These destructive practices wreak havoc on natural habitats while bringing little long-term benefit to the region's human inhabitants, many of whom live in poverty. To combat these related problems, several local, national, and international organizations are working to promote conservation and sustainable development in different portions of the Maya Forest. These efforts so far have failed to stem the loss of natural habitat in the region as a whole, in part because the projects do not communicate or coordinate their activities, particularly among different countries. As part of a single ecosystem, the Maya Forest's plant and animal species and biological processes do not recognize national borders. Similarly, threats to species and their habitat in one country are intimately connected with events in others. Yet until now, research and management activities within the region have been restricted to single nations. Unless scientists and conservationists begin sharing information and coordinating efforts across borders, they will be unable to stop the powerful forces of destruction facing the Maya Forest today.
In an effort to overcome obstacles to information sharing and coordination, four organizations currently working in the Maya Forest—the U.S. Man and the Biosphere Program (USMAB), Conservation International (CI), El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)—sponsored a workshop in San Cristobal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico, in August 1995. The workshop brought together the leading biologists, social scientists, and conservationists working in this region to produce a consensus on conservation priorities and actions; it left behind a database combining relevant information from all three countries. Equally important, the gathering was the start of a process of collaboration among those who, together, have the power to stop the Maya Forest's destruction.
Conservation Priorities: The Need for Consensus
Lack of coordination among conservation professionals in Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize has been a problem because there has been no broad consensus on conservation priorities within the region. Why is such consensus important? With limited time and funding, the first logical step in any regional conservation plan is to decide precisely where to work and what to do. Although international funding organizations including USMAB, CI, and USAID have been willing to invest in conservation in the Maya Forest, so far they have had limited guidance from regional experts as to which parts of the region are the most biologically important—and, equally important, which are most threatened.
To achieve this consensus, workshop organizers adapted a methodology developed by CI six years ago (Olivieri et al. 1995). First used to set conservation priorities for the Amazon Basin at a workshop in 1990 (IBAMA/ INPA/CI 1991), this methodology has been employed in Papua New Guinea (Swartzendruber 1993), Madagascar (Hannah and Hough 1995), and the endangered Atlantic Forest of Brazil (Conservation International et al. 1995). The methodology involves bringing together the world's leading experts on a given geographic region's species,...
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