Auszug. © Genehmigter Nachdruck. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Field Guide for Construction Management

Management by Walking AroundBy Dennis H. Sanders

iUniverse, Inc.

Copyright © 2011 Dennis H. Sanders
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-1-4620-6712-1

Contents

Dedication.........................................................iiiPreface............................................................viiChapter 1. Purpose.................................................1Chapter 2. Design Phase Services...................................3Developing the Construction Documents..............................3Constructability/Biddability Reviews...............................8Contractor Prequalification........................................11Chapter 3. Bid Phase Services......................................15Pre-Bid Meeting....................................................15Bid Opening........................................................17Chapter 4. Construction Phase Services.............................21Pre-Construction Conference........................................21Project Schedules and Reviews......................................24Contractor Payment Requests........................................40Meetings...........................................................42Managing Resources.................................................54Documentation......................................................56Communications.....................................................57Monitoring of Local Landowner Agreements...........................59Monitoring Project-Acquired Permits................................60Reports............................................................61Monitoring of Construction Documents...............................66Training of Owner's Staff..........................................76Chapter 5. Contract Changes........................................79Request for Pricing (RFP)..........................................80Field Changes......................................................84Change Orders......................................................88Chapter 6. Claims..................................................95Delay Claims.......................................................95Defending against Claims...........................................108Expectation of Proof...............................................110Documentation of Claims............................................111Claim Prevention...................................................113Chapter 7. Dispute Resolution......................................117Chapter 8. Testing, Startup, and Commissioning.....................121Pre-Operational/Functional Testing.................................122System Startup and Integration.....................................127Commissioning......................................................128Chapter 9. Project Completion and Closeout.........................131In Conclusion......................................................139

Chapter One

Purpose

Construction management (CM) can be defined very simply as the art and process of guiding a construction project from the design phase through the construction phase to a finished product. The construction manager's responsibility of guiding a construction project to a successful conclusion for the owner is actually quite simple. It consists of four tasks:

1. Cost: To see that the project is completed without overspending the budgeted amount (the bid amount plus or minus the dollars added or subtracted in change orders).

2. Time: To see that the contractor completes the project per the prescribed contract timetable (the schedule). (The schedule is the contract document time plus or minus time added or subtracted in change orders.)

3. Scope and Quality: To oversee the project construction and make certain that the contractor builds the project in conformance to the project documents (the plans and specifications, including modifications made in change orders).

4. Documentation: The three tasks listed above may change, and the project documents are modified to reflect the following: (1) changed conditions, (2) the owner's needs, and (3) elements improperly designed or missed in the design phase. Tracking and documenting progress and these changes in work description and/or scope is as important as the first three tasks.

Cost, schedule, and/or scope may change during the course of the construction phase. Change orders executed by the construction manager as required by design changes to the project documents may affect any or all of the original baseline values that were in place at the beginning of construction. An owner directive may add scope and/or change the intended design resulting in amended plans and/or specifications. That is why a key task of the construction manager is to track the changes in scope, dollars, and time and see that an accurate accounting is made so that at any time during the construction phase everyone knows exactly what the cost, completion date, and current scope are.

The construction manager accomplishes this task by tracking the project documents and the work being completed. All proposals for cost change are documented. Cost change proposals that are accepted and bound into change orders are logged. Changes that require time added to or subtracted from the schedule are documented so that all parties will know how long the contractor has to complete the project. Changes to the design are documented so that all parties know exactly what is to be constructed. Along with the changes, there are submittals, requests for information, correspondence, meetings, and test results that also must be documented, tracked, and filed for reference.

This book will discuss these issues and other responsibilities of the construction manager and the construction management staff. In the following pages are concrete methods for doing these things with the whys and hows to get the job constructed in budget, on time, and to the quality designed in the plans and specifications. MONITOR:

1. Cost

2. Schedule

3. Scope and quality

4. Documentation

Chapter Two

Design Phase Services

Developing the Construction Documents

Purpose: Understanding the Use of the Contract Documents

The parts of the contract documents held separately are nonentities. When assembled together, they become an active guide to the owner, designer, and contractor. The construction manager is the keeper and enforcer of the contract documents.

The Invitation to Bid

This section of the construction document defines the scope of work, lays out the pricing apparatus for the construction phase of the project, and directs the contractor through the bid process.

The bid bond required with the bid, the bid date and time, the location to turn in bids, and the bid-opening location are all given in this document. The scope of work is defined in this section in terms of bid items that contractor will provide pricing to accomplish. The bid can be requested in several forms, such as:

• Lump sum: The entire project is priced in one number.

• Unit price: The various components of a project are priced per unit—cy, lf, ea, lb, ton, ton mile, and so on. Usually an...