Renal Handling of Phosphate - Softcover

Inhaltsangabe

1 Indices for the Measurement of the Renal Handling of Phosphate.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Glomerular Filtration and Tubular Transport.- 2.1. The Composition of the Glomerular Filtrate.- 2.2. The Direction of Tubular Transport.- 2.3. The Concept of a Limit or Threshold Concentration.- 3. Threshold Concentration and Splay for Phosphate.- 3.1. The Relation between Maximum Reabsorption and Glomerular Filtration.- 3.2. Splay.- 4. Indices for the Measurement of the Renal Handling of Phosphate.- 4.1. The Renal Threshold Concentration for Phosphate.- 4.2. The Phosphate Clearance.- 4.3. The Reabsorbed or Excreted Fraction of the Load.- 4.4. The Excretion Rate of Phosphate.- 4.5. The Plasma Phosphate Concentration.- 4.6. The Choice between Indices.- 5. References.- 2 Sites of Renal Tubular Reabsorption of Phosphate.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Phosphate Transport between the Glomerulus and the Late Accessible Proximal Convolution of the Superficial Nephron.- 2.1. Phosphate Reabsorption in the Intact Animal.- 2.2. Phosphate Reabsorption in the Absence of Parathyroid Hormone.- 2.3. Phosphate Secretion in the Proximal Tubule.- 3. Phosphate Transport in the Loop.- 3.1. Evaluation by Micropuncture of the Late Accessible Proximal and Early Accessible Distal Convolutions Sampled at Random.- 3.2. Evaluation by Micropuncture of the Late Accessible Proximal and Early Accessible Distal Convolutions of the Same Nephron.- 3.3. Evaluation by Microinjection into the Late Accessible Proximal and Early Accessible Distal Convolutions.- 3.4. Evaluation by in Vivo Microperfusion.- 3.5. Evaluation by in Vitro Microperfusion.- 3.6. Characteristics of Loop Phosphate Reabsorption.- 4. Phosphate Transport in the Terminal Nephron.- 4.1. Evaluation by Micropuncture.- 4.2. Evaluation by Distal Tubular Microperfusion and Microinjection.- 4.3. Possible Sites of Phosphate Reabsorption in the Terminal Nephron.- 5. Conclusions.- 6. References.- 3 Is Phosphate Secreted by the Kidney?.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Phosphate Secretion by Kidneys of Lower Vertebrates.- 2.1. Fishes.- 2.2. Amphibians.- 2.3. Reptiles.- 2.4. Birds.- 2.5. Summary of Phosphate Secretion by Nonmammalian Vertebrates.- 3. Is Phosphate Secreted by the Mammalian Kidney?.- 3.1. Use of Clearance Techniques to Assess Phosphate Secretion by the Mammalian Kidney.- 3.2. Evidence of a Peritubular-to-Luminal Flux of Phosphate in the Mammalian Kidney.- 4. Conclusions.- 5. References.- 4 Cellular Mechanisms of Phosphate Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Transmembrane Movement of Phosphate.- 2.1. Membrane Composition and Structure.- 2.2. Phosphate-Membrane Interactions.- 2.3. Enzymes of the Brush-Border Membrane.- 3. Characteristics of Phosphate Transport.- 4. Nonhormonal Factors.- 4.1. Sodium Dependency of Phosphate Transport.- 4.2. Glucose and Phosphate Transport.- 4.3. Effect of Acid-Base Balance on Phosphate Transport.- 5. Hormonal Regulation of Phosphate at the Cellular Level.- 5.1. Mechanism of Regulation by Cyclic Nucleotides.- 5.2. Other Cellular Mechanisms in Regulation of Phosphate Transport.- 6. References.- 5 The Effects of Parathyroid Hormone on Renal Phosphate Handling.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Effects of PTH in Various Segments of the Nephron.- 2.1. Proximal Convoluted Tubule.- 2.2. Pars Recta-Loop of Henle.- 2.3. Distal Convoluted Tubule and Terminal Nephron.- 13. Mode of Action of PTH.- 4. Mechanism of the Phosphaturie Effect of PTH.- 4.1. Role of Adenyl Cyclase-cAMP System.- 4.2. Role of Inhibition of Sodium Reabsorption-Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Transport Hypothesis.- 4.3. Role of Tubular Fluid Alkalinization.- 5. References.- 6 Effects of Hormones Other than Parathyroid Hormone on Renal Handling of Phosphate.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Growth Hormone (GH).- 2.1. Effects of GH on Serum Pi Levels.- 2.2. Extrarenal Effects of GH on Pi Metabolism.- 2.3. Effects of GH on Renal Handling of Pi.- 2.4. Factors Related to the Effects of GH on Tubular Transport of Pi.- 3. Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone; ADH).- 3. 1. Effec

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