also occurs. New outbreaks of yellow fever have occurred in Colombia and Trinidad and new outbreaks of rift valley fever have occurred in Egypt. Chapter 6, Arenaviruses The biochemical and physical properties have now been clar ified, and they show a remarkable uniformity in the various viruses constituting the group. The possibility that prenatal infection with LCM may result in hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis has been raised. Serologic surveys have suggested the existence of Lassa virus infection in Guinea, Central African Empire, Mali, Senegal, Cameroon, and Benin, in addition to earlier identification in Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Chapter 7, es New studies have confirmed the important role of these viruses in common respiratory illnesses of children and adults. The viruses are now known to contain a single positive strand of RNA. About 50 of corona virus infections result in clinical illness. About 5 of common colds are caused by strain DC 43 in winter. Chapter 8, Cytomegalovirus Sections on pathogenesis of CMV in relation to organ transplantation and mononucleosis, as well as sections on the risk and features of con genital infection and disease, have been expanded. There are encouraging preliminary results with a live CMV vaccine, but the questions of viral persistence and oncogenicity require further evaluation.
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Viral Infections of Humans | Epidemiology and Control | Alfred Evans | Taschenbuch | xxxi | Englisch | 2011 | Humana | EAN 9781461339908 | Verantwortliche Person für die EU: Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg, juergen[dot]hartmann[at]springer[dot]com | Anbieter: preigu. Artikel-Nr. 105322700
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Taschenbuch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - 1 Epidemiological Concepts and Methods.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definitions and Methods.- 3. The Agent.- 4. The Environment.- 5. Routes of Transmission.- 5.1. Respiratory.- 5.2. Gastrointestinal.- 5.3. Skin.- 5.4. Genital.- 5.5. Genitourinary.- 5.6. Personal Contact.- 5.7. Water and Food.- 5.8. Arthropod Borne.- 6. Pathogenesis.- 6.1. Respiratory.- 6.2. Gastrointestinal.- 6.3. Systemic Infections.- 6.4. The Exanthem.- 6.5. Infections of the Central Nervous System.- 6.6. Persistent Viral Infections.- 7. Incubation Period.- 8. The Immune Response.- 8.1. Humoral Immunity.- 8.2. Local Immunity (Secretory IgA System).- 8.3. Cell-Mediated Immunity.- 8.4. Immune Responses in the Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases.- 9. Patterns of Host Responses.- 9.1. The Biological Gradient.- 9.2. Clinical Syndromes.- 10. Diagnosis of Viral Diseases.- 10.1. Collection.- 10.2. Requests for Testing.- 10.3. Interpretation of Tests.- 11. Proof of Causation.- 12. Control and Prevention.- 13. References.- 14. Suggested Reading.- 2 Surveillance and Seroepidemiology.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Surveillance.- 2.1. Historical Background.- 2.2. Elements of Surveillance.- 2.3. Other Surveillance Methods.- 2.4. Surveillance in Research Studies.- 2.5. Publications on Surveillance.- 2.6. Predictive Surveillance.- 3. Seroepidemiology.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Historical Background.- 3.3. Methodology.- 3.4. Advantages and Limitations.- 3.5. Uses of Seroepidemiology.- 4. References.- 3 Adenoviruses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Background.- 3. Methodology Involved in Epidemiological Analysis.- 3.1. Sources of Data.- 3.2. Interpretation of Laboratory Tests.- 4. Characteristics of the Virus.- 5. Descriptive Epidemiology.- 5.1. Synopsis of Descriptive Epidemiology.- 5.2. Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Specific Syndromes.- 6. Mechanisms and Route of Transmission.- 7. Pathogenesis and Immunity.- 8. Pattern of Host Response.- 9. Control and Prevention.- 10. Unresolved Problems.- 11. References.- 12. Suggested Reading.- 4 Arboviruses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Background.- 3. Methodology Involved in Epidemiological Analysis.- 3.1. Sources of Mortality Data.- 3.2. Sources of Morbidity Data.- 3.3. Serological Surveys.- 3.4. Laboratory Methods.- 4. Biological Characteristics of Virus Affecting the Epidemiological Pattern.- 5. Epidemiology.- 5.1. Incidence and Prevalence.- 5.2. Epidemic Behavior.- 5.3. Geographic Distribution.- 5.4. Temporal Distribution.- 5.5. Age and Sex.- 5.6. Other Factors.- 6. Mechanism and Route of Transmission.- 7. Pathogenesis and Immunity.- 8. Patterns of Host Response.- 8.1. Clinical Features.- 8.2. Diagnosis.- 9. Control and Prevention.- 10. Characteristics of Selected Arboviruses.- 10.1. Arboviruses of Importance in the United States¿.- 10.2. Other Arboviruses Affecting Human Beings in the United States.- 10.3. Arboviruses Affecting Human Beings Outside the United States.- 11. Unresolved Problems.- 11.1. The Viruses.- 11.2. The Vectors.- 11.3. The Vertebrate Hosts.- 11.4. Transmission Cycles Involving Virus, Vector, and Vertebrate.- 11.5. Disease in the Vertebrate Host.- 11.6. Control.- 12. References.- 13. Suggested Reading.- 5 Arenaviruses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Background.- 3. Methodology.- 3.1. Mortality.- 3.2. Morbidity.- 3.3. Serological Surveys.- 3.4. Laboratory Diagnosis.- 4. The Viruses.- 4.1. Biochemical and Physical Properties.- 4.2. Morphology and Morphogenesis.- 4.3. Antigenic Properties.- 4.4. Biological Properties.- 5. Pathogenesis and Immunity.- 6. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis.- 6.1. Descriptive Epidemiology.- 6.2. Mechanism and Route of Transmission.- 6.3. Patterns of Host Response.- 6.4. Treatment and Prevention.- 7. Argentinian Hemorrhagic Fever.- 7.1. Descriptive Epidemiology.- 7.2. Mechanism and Route of Transmission.- 7.3. Patterns of Host Response.- 7.4. Treatment, Control, and Prevention.- 8. Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever.- 8.1. Descriptive Epidemiology.- 8.2. Mechanism and Route of Transmission.- 8.3. Patterns of Host Response.- 8.4. Treatment, Prevention, and Control.- 9. Lassa Fever.- 9.1. Descriptive Epidemiology.- 9.2. Mechanism and Route of Transmission.- 9.3. Patterns of Host Response.- 9.4. Treatment and Disposition of Patients.- 9.5. Prevention and Control.- 10. Unresolved Questions.- 10.1. Vaccines.- 10.2. Early Diagnosis of Lassa Fever and Evacuation of Patients.- 10.3. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome.- 11. References.- 12. Suggested Reading.- 6 Coronaviruses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Background.- 3. Methodology.- 3.1. Sources of Mortality Data.- 3.2. Sources of Morbidity Data.- 3.3. Serological Surveys.- 3.4. Laboratory Methods.- 4. Biological Characteristics of the Virus.- 5. Descriptive Epidemiology.- 5.1. Incidence and Prevalence.- 5.2. Geographic Distribution.- 5.3. Temporal Distribution.- 5.4. Age.- 5.5. Other Factors.- 6. Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission.- 7. Pathogenesis and Immunity.- 8. Patterns of Host Response.- 9. References.- 10. Suggested Reading.- 7 Cytomegalovirus.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Background.- 3. Methodology.- 3.1. Mortality.- 3.2. Morbidity.- 3.3. Serological Surveys.- 3.4. Laboratory Diagnosis.- 4. Biological Characteristics of the Virus.- 5. Descriptive Epidemiology.- 5.1. Prevalence and Incidence.- 5.2. Geographic Distribution.- 5.3. Age and Sex.- 5.4. Temporal Distribution.- 5.5. Occupation.- 5.6. Race/Socioeconomic Setting.- 6. Mechanism of Transmission.- 7. Pathogenesis and Immunity.- 7.1. Pathogenesis.- 7.2. Immunity.- 8. Patterns of Host Response.- 8.1. Neonatal Infections.- 8.2. Infection of Children and Adults.- 9. Immunization.- 10. Unresolved Problems.- 11. References.- 12. Suggested Reading.- 8 Enteroviruses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Background.- 3. Methodology Involved in Epidemiological Analysis.- 3.1. Sources of Mortality Data.- 3.2. Sources of Morbidity Data.- 3.3. Serological Surveys.- 3.4. Virus Isolation from Surface Waters a. Artikel-Nr. 9781461339908
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