Hemopoietic Microenvironments Historical Perspectives, Status, and Projections.- Historical Perspectives, Status, and Projections.- Definition.- Radiation Protection by Marrow Transplantation.- The Spleen Colony Assay.- Antecedents of the Hemopoietic Microenvironment Concept.- Homing.- Unexplained Failure of Marrow Isografts.- Spleen Colony Types.- Decision.- Spleen Colony Retransplantation.- Effect of Erythropoietin Deprivation on Spleen Colony Types.- Visualization of Erythropoietin-Sensitive Stem Cell Colonies.- Decision for Lineage-Specific Differentiation.- Endoclonal Origin of the Second Line of Differentiation.- The Working Hypothesis.- Tests of the Working Hypothesis.- Bone Marrow Colonies and Characteristics.- Hemopoietic Colony Characteristics in Transplanted Spleen or Bone Marrow Stroma.- Whole Spleen Stroma Transplant 'Cure' of Sl/Sld Anemia.- Effect of Mouse Hemopoietic Microenvironments on Rat CFU-S.- Microenvironmental Control of Eosinophilic Granulocyte Response to Tetanus Toxoid.- Microenvironmental Control of Mast Cell Differentiation.- Dissecting the Hemopoietic Microenvironment.- Other Evidence of the Roles of Marrow, Spleen, and Thymus Organ Stroma in Hemopoiesis and Lymphopoiesis.- Hemopoiesis on Intraperitoneal Cellulose Acetate Membranes.- CFU-S Heterogeneity.- Reversible Effect of Marrow and Spleen Microenvironments on Thymic Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Proliferation.- Reversible Predisposition of CFU-S for Direction of Differentiation.- Hemopoietic Hormone (Growth Factor) Receptors.- Pluripotency of Hemopoietic CFU-S for Lymphoid Differentiation.- Lymphoid-Inductive Microenvironments.- In Vitro Bone Marrow Cultures.- Early Methods.- The Dexter Method.- The Greenberger Modification.- B-Lymphocyte Cultures.- Distinctive Stromal Cells of Erythroid and Granuloid Spleen Colonies.- Erythroid Colonies.- Granuloid Colonies.- Other Candidate for In Vivo Hemopoietic Microenvironment Stromal Cells.- Hemopoiesis.- Random or Controlled?.- Projections.- Malignancy-Inducing Microenvironments?.- References.- Molecular and Cellular Traffic Across the Marrow Sinuses.- Marrow Structure.- Arterial and Venous Circulation.- Marrow Sinuses.- Marrow Nerves.- Evidence for Discrimination in the Release of Marrow Cells.- Factors Governing Release of Hemopoietic Cells.- Biophysical Properties of Developing Hemopoietic Cells.- Cell Releasing Factors.- Control of Blood Flow in Marrow.- The Anatomical Process of Release.- Ultrastructural Features of Reticulocyte Egress.- Modeling Reticulocyte Egress.- Ultrastructural Features of White Cell Egress.- Ultrastructural Features of Platelet Release.- Release of Immature Cells in Healthy Subjects.- Release of Immature Cells in Pathological States.- Release from and Reentry into Marrow of Stem Cells and Progenitor Cells.- References.- In Vivo Microscopy of Hemopoietic Tissue.- In Vivo Microscopic Methods.- Basic Methods.- Transillumination Methods.- Epi-illumination Methods.- In Vivo Microscopic Studies of Hemopoietic Tissue.- References.- Fatty Involution of Marrow and the Role of Adipose Tissue in Hemopoiesis.- Distribution of Red and Yellow Marrow.- The Role of Bone.- Ectopic Implantation of Bone Marrow.- Marrow Adipocyte.- Development.- Structure.- Function.- Distinct from Extramedullary Adipocytes.- Functional Differences.- Heterogeneity of Marrow Adipocytes.- Marrow Adipocytes in Culture.- Conclusions.- References.- Hematopoiesis on Artificial Membranes.- Hematopoiesis on Flat CEM.- Hematopoiesis On Stromally-Enriched, IP-Implanted Tubular CEM.- Hematopoiesis and Proteoglycans.- Role of Bone and Tooth Matrix Proteins in Hematopoiesis.- Irradiation of Stromal Cells.- Studies of Scraped, Devitalized, and Reimplanted CEM.- Overall Perspective and Significance of Hematopoiesis on CEM.- References.- Cellular Components of Stroma In Vivo in Comparison with In Vitro Systems.- Cellular Components of the Stroma.- Reticular Cells In Vivo.- Fibroblastic Reticular Cells in Long-Term Ce
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