The Cyclopedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, Vol. 28 of 39 (Classic Reprint) - Softcover

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Excerpt from The Cyclopedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature, Vol. 28 of 39

Formerly, the maintenance of the poor was chiefly an ecclefialtical concern; aqdna fourth part of the tithes in every parilh was fet apantjifpr that purpofe. The minifter, under the bifhop, had the principal direétion in the difpofal of it, aililted by the churchwardens and other principal in habitants: hence naturally fprung the parochial fettlement. Afterwards, when the tithes of many parifhes were appro priated to the monafteries, thefe -focieties were the principal refource of the poor, who were farther relieved by volun tary contributions. But though the relief of the poor was in a great degree an ecclefiaitical concern, it is not true, as fome have imagined, that the common law of England made no provifion for the poor. The Mirror (c. I. Fhews the contrary; but it does not appear how it was done. (i Bur. Judge Blackltone obferves, that till the ltatute 27 Hen. VIII. Cap. 25, he finds no compulfory method for providin for the poor; their relief depending upon the humanity 0 their neighboursf But upon the total diffolution of the monafieries, the inconvenience of thus en couraging the poor in habits of indolence and beggary, who had been accuftomed to partake of the alms daily diltributed at the gates of religious houfes, was gradually felt through out the kingdorn and abundance of ltatutes were made in the reign of Henry VIII., Edw. VI., and Elizabeth, for this purpofe. Thefe poor were principally of two forts lick and impotent, and therefore unable to work idle and fturdy, and therefore able, but not willing, to engage ia any honelt employment. To provide, in fome meafure, for both of thefe, in and about the metropolis, Edward VI. Founded three royal hofpitals: Chrift's and St. Thomas's, for the relief of the impotent through infancy or ficknefs; and Bridewell, for the punilhment and employment of the vigorous and idle; but thefe were found to be infufiicient for the care of the poor through the kingdom at large. At length, by flat. 43 Eliz. Cap. 2, overfeers of the poor were appointed in every parifh. See overseers.

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