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Excerpt from The Theory of Schizophrenic Negativism
Often the patients maintain their indifference in Spite of Opposition; it may be that very strongly negativistic patients are permanently euphoric and do not come out of this mood, while they resist with bites, scratches, and blows the invitation to shake hands; their defense is sport for them like a jolly play. More commonly the whole behavior looks like that Of a ?irt; women patients watch the physician, as if they were waiting for him to offer them his hand, or bring forward a request, so that he must busy himself with them, and then, in their negation, be have like a maiden who stimulates her lover, but tries to appear as if she were keeping him Off. At other times the negativism has a plainly erotic character, sometimes in the agreeable sense of a love-play, sometimes in an unpleasant sense, as the aversion to an attack, and Often in both directions at once. Besides this outer negativism there is also an inner, which most frequently affects the will. The patient can not do exactly what he wishes to do. In the stage between thought and expression an inhibition, a contrary impulse, or a cross impulse can make the action impossible. SO we see patients who rush to take a prof feted bit Of food, stop half way between plate and mouth, and finally refuse the morsel; with every other act the same results follow. If they start to shake hands: at any point the action may not only stop but the hand, as the result of a contrary impulse, may be placed behind the back.
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Excerpt from The Theory of Schizophrenic Negativism
Often the patients maintain their indifference in Spite of Opposition; it may be that very strongly negativistic patients are permanently euphoric and do not come out of this mood, while they resist with bites, scratches, and blows the invitation to shake hands; their defense is sport for them like a jolly play. More commonly the whole behavior looks like that Of a flirt; women patients watch the physician, as if they were waiting for him to offer them his hand, or bring forward a request, so that he must busy himself with them, and then, in their negation, be have like a maiden who stimulates her lover, but tries to appear as if she were keeping him Off. At other times the negativism has a plainly erotic character, sometimes in the agreeable sense of a love-play, sometimes in an unpleasant sense, as the aversion to an attack, and Often in both directions at once.
Besides this outer negativism there is also an inner, which most frequently affects the will. The patient can not do exactly what he wishes to do. In the stage between thought and expression an inhibition, a contrary impulse, or a cross impulse can make the action impossible. SO we see patients who rush to take a prof feted bit Of food, stop half way between plate and mouth, and finally refuse the morsel; with every other act the same results follow. If they start to shake hands: at any point the action may not only stop but the hand, as the result of a contrary impulse, may be placed behind the back.
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Excerpt from The Theory of Schizophrenic Negativism
As a rule, however, the negativistic reaction does not appear merely as accidental, but as actually preferred to the correct reaction.
In ordinary external negativism which consists in the negation of external influences (Ex. Command) and of what one would normally expect the patient to do (Ex. Defaecation in the closet instead of the bed), the following causes are at work:
(a) The autistic withdrawing of the patient into his phantasies, which makes every influence acting from without comparatively an intolerable interruption. This appears to be the most important factor. In severe cases it alone is sufficient to produce negativism.
(b) The existence of a hurt (negative complex, unfulfilled wish) which must be protected from contacts.
(c) The misunderstanding of the surroundings and their purpose.
(d) Direct hostile relations to. the surroundings.
(e) The pathological irritability of the schizophrenic.
(f) The pressure of thought and other difficulties of action and of thought, through which every reaction becomes painful.
(g) The sexuality with its ambivalent feeling tones is also often one of the roots of negativistic reaction.
Inner negativism (contrary tendency opposed to the will, and intellectually opposed to the right thoughts) is accounted for, in large part, by ambitendency and ambivalency, which in view of the inner splitting of the thought renders intelligible a slight preference for the negativistic reaction. Very pronounced phenomena of inner negativism probably have other cooperating causes, which we, at the present time, do not know.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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