First Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio: Third Organization (Classic Reprint) - Softcover

Orton, Edward

9781330182055: First Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio: Third Organization (Classic Reprint)

Softcover

ISBN 10: 1330182057 ISBN 13: 9781330182055

Verlag: Forgotten Books, 2018

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Excerpt from First Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio: Third Organization

There are no gas meters made that are able to take account of the gas required by large works, or that is passing through main pipe lines; but to the new gauge, such measurements are as easy as the determination of the amount used by a cook stove or a grate. The largest meters that are in market are so expensive that this fact alone for bids their adoption for any thing like general use, but the new gauge takes away all excuse from gas companies or municipal gas boards for disposing of the precious fuel that has come into their hands, with the ignorance and reckless extravagance that have hitherto prevailed. They can at least know what they are doing. It must be added that several of the companies and boards of trustees having the largest amounts of gas at their disposal have already availed themselves of the new system. The new gas rates of Findlay for manufacturers are based on measurements made by the Robinson gauge, and which were executed in part by the officers of the Geological Survey.

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Excerpt from First Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio: Third Organization

This first annual report of the Geological Survey of Ohio under its new organization has, to some extent, fallen short of the purpose with which it was begun. It was intended that the report should furnish a review of the various mineral interests of the State, brought down to the date of publication. Under this plan, which is deferred rather than abandoned, the new facts pertaining to our coal resources and their practical development, to our quarries, to our clay deposits and the manufactures based on them, to our limes, cements, marls and plaster beds as well as to petroleum and gas would all find place in the annual report of the survey. The interest at present pertaining to the last subject named in the list given above has, however, been so deep and wide-spread and its economic importance has proved so large that the logic of events has rendered it necessary to devote this entire report to Natural Gas and Oil. It has thus become a monograph upon this subject, and its entire 300 pages are occupied with facts and discussions growing out of the marvellous discovery of Findlay gas and Lima oil in a Lower Silurian limestone six years ago.

The natural gas interests of the State, in particular, have demanded and received in this report a measure of attention that is out of proportion to their intrinsic value. These interests are in marked contract with the oil interests of the new fields in this respect, viz., that while the latter are almost exclusively in the hands of those whose knowledge has been derived from a varied and costly experience in the business, the former have been in many instances turned over to persons who have never seen a gas field aside from the particular one of which they are called upon to take charge. It is not surprising, under such circumstances, that crude and erroneous views in regard to the nature of the gas supply should find place among these companies and municipal boards, or that a wasteful and extravagant policy in the use of the gas should be established or allowed by them. To convince such officials that gas is not being generated in the underlying rocks as fast as their wells are able to withdraw it, that it is strictly stored power, and that every foot taken from the reservoir leaves the amount remaining there so much the less, has been a difficult, and in some respects a thankless task. Nature has, however, become the teacher of all these communities that have broken into her storehouses of force, and falling pressure and supply-pipes half filled, have come even more speedily than was expected to convince all who are able to learn that high pressure gas fields are always exhausted by use, and that in fact they begin to die the moment they begin to live.

For the most efficient service of. all the interests involved, it has been seen from the first that some simple means for determining the amount of gas consumed in the various uses to which it is applied is essential. A system of measuring the volumes of gas wells was published for the first time in Volume VI of the survey reports. This system has been universally adopted in the gas fields of the country, and is recognized as authoritative, alike in business transactions and in courts of law.

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