A Plan of a Course of Lectures on the Principles of Natural Philosophy; By the REV. S. Vince - Softcover

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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1793. Excerpt: ... HYDROSTATICS. DEFINITION. X, A FLUID is a body whose parts are put m motion pne among /i another by any force impressed; and which, when the impressed force is removed, restores 1tself to its former state. All fluids may be divided into elastic and non-elastic; elastic comprehend the different kinds of airs, and non-elastic the different kinds of liquids. As many bodies, by cold, from liquids become solids, such bodies might be defined to be liquids so long as their surfaces, when disturbed, will restore themselves to an horizontal pos1tion. The definition supposes a partial pressure; for if the fluid be incompressible, under an equal general pressure, none of the parts will move. From the ease with which the parts of a fluid are moved, it is supposed to be constituted of particles round and very smooth. 2. The specific gravity, and also the dens1ty pf a body, is in prpr portion to its quantity of matter or weight, when the magnitude is given. ON THE PRESSURE OF FLUIDS. 1. A fluid weighs as much in a fluid of the fame kind, as it does out of the fluid. 2. The surface of every fluid at rest is horizontal. 3. If the density of a fluid be uniform, the pressure at any depth is in proportion to the depth. 4. Fluids press equally in all directions. Hence the lateral pressure of a fluid is equal to the perpendicular pressure. This is one of the most extraordinary properties of fluids, and can be conceived to arise only from the extreme facility with which the component particles move amongst each other. It will be dissicult to conceive how this is poss1ble to happen if we suppose the particles tp be in contact; they are therefore probably kept at a distance from each other by a repulsive power, which power in water, admitting the truth of the experiments related...

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