Knowing Children: Experiments in Conversation and Cognition (Essays in Developmental Psychology) - Softcover

It has often been maintained that young children's knowledge is limited to perceptual appearances. In this "preoperational" stage of development, there are profound conceptual limitations in that they have little understanding of numerical and causal relations and are incapable of insight into the minds of others. Their apparent inability to perform well on traditional developmental measures has led researchers to accept a model of the young child as plagued by conceptual deficits. These ideas have had a major impact on educational programs. Many have accepted the view that the young are not ready for instruction and that their memory and understanding is vulnerable to distortion, especially in subjects such as mathematics and science. However, the second edition of this book provides further evidence that children's stage-like performance can frequently be reinterpreted in terms of a clash between the conversational worlds of adults and children. In many settings, children may not share an adult's well-meaning purpose or use of words in questioning. Under these conditions, they do not disclose the depth of their memory and understanding and may respond incorrectly even when they are certain of the right answer.
In this light, a different model of development emerges with significant implications for instruction in educational, health, and legal settings. It attributes more competence to young children than is frequently recognized and reflects the position that development in evolutionarily important domains is guided by implicit constraints on learning. It proposes that attention to young children's conversational experience is a powerful means to illustrate what they know.

Stephen Stich is Board of Governors Professor of Philosophy and Cognitive Science at Rutgers University. He previously taught at the University of Michigan, the University of Maryland and the University of California, San Diego and has held visiting appointments at the University of Sydney, the Australian National University, the City University of New York, the University of Canterbury (New Zealand) and the University of Otago (New Zealand). He is a past President of the Society for Philosophy and Psychology. Stich is the author of From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science (1983), The Fragmentation of Reason (1990), and Deconstructing the Mind (1996), and has published over a hundred papers in professional journals. He is also the editor or co-editor of six volumes, edits the Oxford University Press Evolution and Cognition Series, and is Director of the Rutgers University Research Group on Evolution and Cognition.