Central banks of the advanced economies—despite having been designated by theirrespective economic and political elites as their states’ primary economic policyinstitution—have failed since 2008 to permanentlstabilize the world’s banking systems orrestore pre-2008 economic growth.Rather, central bank liquidity injections since the 1970s not only produced the 2008-09crisis, but they then became the central banks’ solution to that crisis; and now promiseto cause of the next one, as a further tens of trillions of dollars of liquidity-enabled debthas since 2008 been piled on the original trillions before 2008.Fed policy since 2010 has represented an historically unprecedented subsidization ofthe financial system by the State, implemented via the institutional vehicle of the centralbank. Central banks’ function of lender of last resort, originally designed to provideexcess liquidity in instances of banking crises, has been transformed into thesubsidization of the private banking system, which today is addicted to, and increasinglydependent upon, significant continuing infusions of liquidity by central banks.Taking away this central bank artificial subsidization of the private sector, especially thefinancial side of the private sector, would almost certainly lead to a financial and realcollapse of the global economy. It is thus highly unlikely that the Fed, Bank of England,Bank of Japan or European Central Bank will be able any time soon to retreat much fromtheir massive liquidity injections that have been the hallmark of central bank policy since2008. Nor will they find it possible to raise their interest rates much beyond brief tokenadjustments. Nor exit easily from their bloated balance sheets and extraordinary historicpolicies of liquidity provisioning. That liquidity not only bailed out the banks and financialsystem in 2007-09, but has been subsidizing the system ever since in order to prevent are-collapse.Truly, as this book addresses in painstaking detail, central bankers are at the end oftheir rope. Wrought by various growing contradictions, central banks, as currentlystructured, have failed to keep pace with the more rapid restructuring and change in theprivate capitalist banking system. As a result, they have been failing to performeffectively even their most basic functions, or to achieve their own declared targets ofprice stability and employment. Central banks must undergo fundamental restructuring and change. That restructuringmust include the democratization of decision making and a redirecting of central bankstoward a greater direct service in the public interest. A Constitutional Amendment istherefore proposed, along with 20 articles of enabling legislation, addressing whatreforms and restructuring of central banks’ decision making processes, tools, targets,functions, as well as their very mission and objectives, are necessary if central banksare to become useful institutions for society in general. The proposed amendment andlegislation defines a new mission and general goals for the Fed—as well as new targets,tools and new functions—to create a new kind of public interest Federal Reserve for the21st century.
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Dr. Jack Rasmus is the author of several books on the USA and global economy, including Systemic Fragility in the Global Economy, 2015; and Looting Greece: A New Financial Imperialism Emerges (2016). He hosts the weekly New York radio show, Alternative Visions, on the Progressive Radio network; is shadow Federal Reserve Bank chair of the ‘Green Shadow Cabinet’ and economic advisor to the USA Green Party’s presidential candidate, Jill Stein. He writes bi-weekly for Latin America’s teleSUR TV, for Z magazine, Znet, and other print & electronic publications. Dr. Rasmus studied economics at Berkeley, took his doctorate in the University of Toronto (1977), and worked for many years as a union organizer and labour contract negotiator. He currently teaches economics and politics at St. Marys College in California
Excerpt from Chapter OneWhy Central Banks Are FailingCentral banks are failing because their ability to perform these primary tasks is in decline. The question then iswhat are the causes of that decline? What developments and forces in the global economy are disruptingcentral banks efforts to carry out their primary tasks? The following is a brief introductory overview of thekey problems and fundamental contradictions with which central banks today are confronted. a. Globalization and integration rendering central bank targets & tools ineffectiveFirst, there's the problem of the rapid globalization and integration of financial institutions and markets thatemerged in the 1970s and 1980s which has grown ever since. Central banks are basically national economicinstitutions. The global financial system is beyond their mandate. Not only that, there is no single central bankcapable of bailing out the global banking system during the next inevitable global financial crash. In 2008 itdidn't even happen. The US Federal Reserve and the Bank of England bailed out their respective bankingsystems, providing more than $10 trillion in direct liquidity injections, loans, guarantees, tax reductions anddirect subsidies. The Federal Reserve even provided a loan in the form of a currency swap of $1 trillion to theEuropean Central Bank and its affiliated national central banks. But the Euro banking system has not beeneffectively bailed out to this day. Nor has Japan's. Together both have the equivalent of trillions of dollars innon-performing bank loans. While China's banks and central bank, the Peoples Bank of China, was notinvolved in the 2008 banking crash and subsequent bailout, it almost certainly will be involved in the nextfinancial crisis. In fact, China's financial system may be at the center of it.The fact that the financial-banking system today is highly integrated and globalized raises another problem forcentral banks. With today's banking system composed not only of traditional commercial banks, but of shadowbanks, hybrid shadow-commercial banks, non-bank companies engaging increasingly in financial investing,and financial institutions in various new forms serving capital markets in general, no national central bank'soperational tools or policies can control the global money supply or ensure stability in goods and servicesprices.The global 21st century financial system is also well beyond the reach of central bank supervision
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