Many people today are uncertain about what they believe and how they should live. They seek for a tradition that demonstrates antiquity and possesses authenticity. This newly translated volume of the writings of the Orthodox spiritual teacher Ignatius Brianchaninov offers a vision of a life that flows from following Christ. The field is both a place of spiritual struggle and a garden in which to cultivate virtues. But are we willing to respond to the challenge of a life lived in accordance with the Christian Gospel? St Ignatius' writing is the Christian tradition at its deepest, intensely practical but also transcendent and mystical.
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Ignatius Brianchaninov (1807Ð1867) was a prolific author of Orthodox Christian ascetical works. Published toward the end of his life, his writings continued to grow in popularity long after his death. Along with his contemporary, St. Theophan the Recluse, Ignatius is now considered a foremost authority on Orthodox spirituality. He was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1988.
Deacon Nicholas Kotar is a recent graduate of Holy Trinity Seminary and an assistant editor at Holy Trinity Publications in Jordanville, NY. He also has a degree in Russian Literature from UC Berkeley. Having begun conducting with the youth choir in the Holy Virgin Cathedral in San Francisco, Nicholas helped establish the St John of San Francisco Men’s Chorale, which has released two disks to date: Rejoice in Song and Chrysostom. Currently he conducts the monastery and seminary choir at Holy Trinity Monastery in Jordanville. He is also a founding member of Conquering Time, an ensemble of performance, visual, and literary artists inspired by the Inklings that stages original works of storytelling and traditional music and publishes new poetry and prose.
Introduction,
Part I,
1 Emulating Our Lord Jesus Christ,
2 On Reading the Gospels,
3 On Reading the Holy Fathers,
4 On Avoiding Books That Contain False Teaching,
5 On the Commandments of the Gospel,
6 On the Gospel Beatitudes,
7 Truth and Spirit,
8 Faith and Works,
9 A Scattered Life and an Attentive Life,
Part II,
Reflection: The Sea of Life,
10 On the Snares of the Prince of This World,
11 The Pharisee,
12 A Christian and His Passions,
13 On Habits,
14 Conscience,
15 The Eight Chief Passions with Their Subdivisions and Offshoots,
Part III,
Reflection: Thoughts on the Shores of the Sea,
16 On the Virtues That Act Against the Eight Chief Sinful Passions,
17 On Loving One's Neighbor,
18 On Loving God,
19 On Fasting,
20 On Prayer,
21 On Faith,
Part IV,
Reflection: Dew,
22 On Repentance,
23 On Humility: A Conversation Between an Elder and His Disciple,
24 On True and False Humble-Mindedness,
25 On Patience,
26 On Purity,
27 A Short Rule of Vigilance for Those Who Live in the World,
Part V,
Reflection: A Tree in Front of My Cell's Window During Winter,
28 The Cemetery,
29 A Voice from Eternity: Thoughts on the Grave,
30 Thoughts on Death,
31 Proof of the Resurrection of the Body, Taken from the Effect of the Jesus Prayer,
Part VI,
Reflection: The Garden During Winter,
32 My Cross and the Cross of Christ,
33 The Cup of Christ,
34 On Monasticism: A Conversation Between Two Orthodox Christians: a Layman and a Monk,
35 Words of Consolation for Sorrowing Monks,
36 On Tears,
37 Glory to God!,
38 The Praying Mind Seeks Union with the Heart,
39 A Vision of Christ,
Appendix 1: A Short Biography of St Ignatius (Brianchaninov),
Appendix 2: My Lament,
Notes,
Subject Index,
Scripture Index,
Emulating Our Lord Jesus Christ
"If anyone serves Me, let him follow Me," said the Lord. Every Christian, through the oaths given at holy baptism, takes upon himself the responsibility of being a slave and servant of the Lord Jesus Christ. Every Christian absolutely must follow the Lord Jesus Christ.
Having called Himself the shepherd of the sheep, the Lord said that "the sheep hear his voice, and the sheep follow him, for they know his voice." The voice of Christ is His teaching; the voice of Christ is the Gospel; following after Christ's earthly wanderings means completely following His commandments.
In order to follow Christ, one must know His voice. Study the Gospels, and through your life you will be able to emulate Christ.
Whoever is born in the flesh and receives regeneration in holy baptism, and then preserves the purity he has received in baptism with the help of a life according to the Gospels, will be saved. He will "go in" to a God-pleasing life on earth through a spiritual rebirth, and he will go "out" from this world in a blessed death, and in eternity he will "find" an eternal, expansive, sweet, spiritual "pasture."
"If anyone serves Me, let him follow Me; and where I am, there My servant will be also. If anyone serves Me, him my Father will honor." Where was the Lord when He said these words? In His humanity, united with His divinity, He was among people on earth in the midst of their exile and suffering, remaining in His divinity there, where He has been from the beginning without beginning. "The Word was with God" and in God. This Word said of Himself: "The Father is in Me, and I in Him." The one who follows Christ will share in His state. "Whoever confesses" with his mouth, heart, and deeds "that Jesus is the Son of God, God abides in him, and he in God."
"If anyone serves Me, him my Father will honor." "To him who overcomes" the world and sin, who follows Me in this earthly life, in the life eternal "I will grant to sit with Me on My throne, as I also overcame, and sat down with my Father on His throne."
Rejection of the world must come before following Christ. The latter has no place in the soul if the former has not yet been accomplished. The Lord said, "Whoever desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake and the gospel's will save it." "If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple. And whoever does not bear his cross and come after Me cannot be My disciple."
Many approach the Lord, but few decide to follow Him. Many read the Gospels, find comfort in them, become inspired by their lofty and holy teaching, but few decide to model their actions according to the commandments of the Gospel. The Lord says to all who approach Him and desire to be joined to Him, "If anyone comes to Me," and he does not renounce the world and himself, "he cannot be My disciple."
"This is a hard saying," said even such people who appeared to be followers of Him and considered themselves His disciples: "who can understand it?" This is how the word of God is judged by the wise of this world in the poverty of their discernment. The word of God is life, life eternal, true life. With this word, the carnal mind is destroyed, since it is born from eternal death and supports eternal death in people. The word of God, for those dying from the carnal mind and those desiring to die from it, is "foolishness. But to us who are being saved, it [the Word] is the power of God."
Sin has become so common to us as a result of the fall that it has absorbed all qualities, all intentions of our souls. Rejection of sin that has become part of the soul requires rejection of the soul itself. This kind of rejection of the soul is necessary for its own salvation. Rejection of the nature defiled by sin is indispensible to attain the nature renewed by Christ. When even part of a meal has been poisoned, all of the food is thrown away. The dish is carefully washed, and only then is more food put into it for serving at the table. Food that has been tainted with poison can be called poison itself.
In order to follow Christ, let us first renounce our own reason and our own will. Both the reason and will of our fallen nature are completely tainted by sin; they cannot be reconciled with the reason and will of God. Only he who rejects his reason makes himself capable of attaining the reason of God; only he who rejects the doing of his own will makes himself capable of doing God's will.
In order to follow Christ, let us take up our cross. The taking up of our cross is called the willing, pious submission to God's judgment, despite all sorrows that may be sent or allowed by God's providence. Grumbling and anger during sorrows and difficulties is a rejection of the cross. Only he who has taken his cross can follow after Christ — he is submissive to God's will, humbly acknowledging himself to be worthy of every judgment and punishment.
The Lord who has commanded us to sacrifice ourselves, to reject the world and to carry the cross gives us the strength to fulfill His commandment. He who decides to fulfill this commandment and tries to fulfill it immediately realizes its necessity. This teaching, which seems cruel to the superficial and erroneous point of view of the carnal mind, turns out to be most wise and full of good things. It calls the fallen to salvation, the dead to life, and those buried in hell to heaven.
Those who do not want to willingly renounce themselves and the world are forcibly obliged to do one and the other. When incorrigible and inevitable death comes, they have to leave everything that they loved behind. Their self-rejection at that point is so extreme that they are forced to throw off even their bodies, leaving it in the earth to rot and be eaten by worms.
Self-love and attachment to things fleeting and full of cares — these are the fruits of self-deception, blindness, spiritual death. Self-love is a twisted love for one's self. This love is insane and fallen. He who is full of self-love, passionate for fleeting pleasure, for sinful indulgence, is an enemy of himself. He is a self-murderer. Thinking to love himself and pamper himself, he ends up hating and destroying himself eternally.
Let us look around, we who are entertained, clouded, fooled by the world. Let us awake, we who have been enchanted by the world, denied our true self-knowledge by the world! Let us learn from the experiences happening constantly around us. That which happens around us will inevitably happen to us as well.
Did he who spent his entire life searching for honors take them with him into eternity? Did he not leave here on earth his bombastic titles, emblems of excellence, all the luxuries with which he surrounded himself? Did not this man go into eternity only bearing his deeds, his qualities developed during his earthly life?
He who spent his life gathering riches, who saved a great deal of money, bought huge tracts of land to own, established various businesses that brought in much profit, lived in chambers shining with gold and marble, rode around in magnificent carriages and horses — did he take all this with him into eternity? No! He left it all on earth, being content for the last need of the body with the smallest plot of land, in which all dead men are equally content.
He who spent his life in the pursuit of pleasures and enjoyments of the flesh, who spent time with friends playing games and other nonsense, who feasted at sumptuous banquets, is finally pushed away by necessity from his usual way of life. Soon comes old age, illness, and after them, the hour of the separation of the soul from the body. Then he will know, only too late, that serving one's passions and desires is nothing but self-deception that living for the pleasures of the body and sin is living without meaning.
Striving for worldly success — how strange, how monstrous it is! This search is frenzied. Hardly has worldly success been found when it immediately loses its value, and the search is renewed with new vigor. It is never happy with the present; it lives only in the future, wanting only those things it does not yet have. The desired objects attract the seeker's heart with the dream and hope of fulfillment. When the seeker is constantly fooled he rushes after more objects for the duration of his life, until unexpected death steals him away. How can one explain this seeking, which treats everyone like a soulless traitor yet still rules over all, still attracts so many? Into our souls has been planted the striving for eternal bliss. But we fell, and our hearts, blinded by our fall, seek in time and on earth that which exists only in eternity and in heaven.
The same fate that visited my fathers and brothers will visit me. They died, so will I. I will leave my cell; I will leave behind my books, my clothes, and my writing desk, where I spent many hours. I will leave everything that I needed or thought I needed during this earthly life. They will carry my body out of the cell where I live in anticipation of another life and country. They will carry out my body and give it up to the ground, which served as the beginning of man's body. The same fate will visit you, brothers, who read these words. You will die as well, leaving on earth all that is of the earth. Only with your souls will you enter eternity.
The human soul gathers qualities that coincide with its activity. As a mirror shows the image of the objects placed in front of it, so the soul becomes stamped with the impressions of its deeds and activities, of its surroundings. But while a lifeless mirror loses the reflected images when the objects are removed, the reasoning soul keeps these impressions. They can be wiped clean or removed by others, but this requires work and time. Those impressions that are stamped onto the soul in the hour of its death remain part of the soul forever, and a guarantee of either eternal blessedness or eternal suffering.
"You cannot serve God and mammon," said the Lord to fallen man, revealing before humanity that state into which he had been led by the fall. In a similar way, a doctor reveals to the patient his physical state, into which his disease has led him, and which the sick man himself cannot understand. As a result of our spiritual disease, we need timely self-renunciation and rejection of the world for our salvation. "No one can serve two masters; for either he will hate the one and love the other; or else he will be loyal to the one and despise the other."
Experience continually confirms the justice of that outlook on the moral sickness of mankind, which the all-holy physician expressed in the mentioned quote, spoken with decisive straightforwardness — indulging sinful and vain desires always leads to obsession with them, and after the obsession comes slavery, which is death to everything spiritual. Those who allowed themselves to follow their desires and carnal mind became obsessed with them, enslaved by them, forgot God and eternity, and wasted their earthly lives pointlessly, dying an eternal death.
It is not possible to follow both your own will and God's will. From the actions of the former, the latter becomes tainted, useless. Thus, a sweet-smelling, precious myrrh loses its worth as it is mixed with even a small amount of foul-smelling liquid. Only then, God says through his great prophet, "you shall eat the good of the land" when you willingly hear me. "But if you refuse and rebel, you shall be devoured by the sword; For the mouth of the Lord has spoken."
It is impossible to know the reason of God if one remains carnally minded. The Apostle said, "For to be carnally minded is death. The carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be." What is the carnal mind? It is a way of thinking that has come about from the state into which people have been led by the fall, which directs them to act as if they were to live eternally on earth, raising up all that is temporary and prone to entropy, demeaning God and everything that refers to pleasing God, and taking away salvation from people.
Let us renounce our own souls according to the commandment of the Saviour, in order to find our souls! Let us willingly reject the tainted state into which we have been led by our willing rejections of God, so that we may receive from God the holy state of a human nature renewed by the incarnate God! Let us replace our will and the will of the demons (to which our will has subjected itself and with which our will has become aligned) with the will of God proclaimed to us in the Gospels. Let us replace our carnal mind — which we share with the fallen spirits — with the reason of God, shining out from the Gospels.
Let us renounce our earthly riches so that we are able to follow our Lord Jesus Christ! Renouncing earthly riches becomes possible only with a correct understanding of them. The Gospel provides us with the correct interpretation of dealing with substantial property. When man accepts this correct interpretation, his reason inevitably realizes its truth. Earthly wealth does not belong to us, as those who have never thought about this erroneously believe. Otherwise, it always and forever would remain in our possession. But it changes hands constantly, thereby proving that it is given only for us to watch over temporarily. Wealth belongs to God; man is only the temporary caretaker. A faithful caretaker will follow exactly the wishes of the one who has entrusted the wealth to him. And we, temporarily ruling over the wealth given to us, must rule over it according to the will of God. Let us not use it as a means of indulging our desires and passions, as a resource for eternal perdition. Let us use it for the good of mankind, which lives in need and suffering; let us use it as a means for our salvation. Those who desire Christian perfection give away their wealth outright. Those who wish to be saved must give alms according to their means, and must not indulge in excess.
Let us renounce love of honors and the praise of men! Let us not run after ranks and titles, or use dishonest and demeaning methods to earn them, deriding the laws of God, the conscience, the good of our brothers. Such means are most often used for the attaining of earthly glory. He who is infected and enslaved by vainglory, the insatiable seeker after human praise, is unable to believe in Christ. "How can you believe," said Christ to His praise-loving contemporaries, "who receive honor from one another, and do not seek the honor that comes from the only God?" If the providence of God has given us earthly power and might, then let us use this to become benefactors of humanity. Let us reject the foul poison that is so dangerous for the human spirit — foolish and despised egotism that turns those infected with it into beasts and demons that become the scourge of humanity, evildoers against themselves.
Let us love the will of God more than everything else. Let us prefer it to everything else. Let us hate everything that is contrary to it with a righteous and God-pleasing hatred. When our nature, tainted by sin, rises up against the Gospel teachings, let us despise our nature by rejecting its desires and needs. The more decisive our righteous hatred, the more decisive our victory will be over sin and our nature, which is enthralled to sin, and the more swift and definite our spiritual triumph will be.
Excerpted from The Field by Bishop Ignatius (Brianchaninov), Nicholas Kotar. Copyright © 2016 Holy Trinity Monastery. Excerpted by permission of Holy Trinity Publications.
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