Supported Catalysts and Their Applications: Rsc (Special Publications) - Hardcover

 
9780854048809: Supported Catalysts and Their Applications: Rsc (Special Publications)
Hardcover
ISBN 10: 0854048804 ISBN 13: 9780854048809
Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001

Inhaltsangabe

The need to improve both the efficiency and environmental acceptability of industrial processes is driving the development of heterogeneous catalysts across the chemical industry, including commodity, specialty and fine chemicals and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Drawing on international research, Supported Catalysts and their Applications discusses aspects of the design, synthesis and application of solid supported reagents and catalysts, including supported reagents for multi-step organic synthesis; selectivity in oxidation catalysis; mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts; and the use of Zeolite Beta in organic reactions. In addition, the two discrete areas of heterogeneous catalysis (inorganic oxide materials and polymer-based catalysts) that were developing in parallel are now shown to be converging, which will be of great benefit to the whole field. Providing a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in this fast-moving field, this book will be welcomed by industrialists and researchers, particularly in the agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.

Die Inhaltsangabe kann sich auf eine andere Ausgabe dieses Titels beziehen.

Von der hinteren Coverseite

The need to improve both the efficiency and environmental acceptability of industrial processes is driving the development of heterogeneous catalysts across the chemical industry, including commodity, specialty and fine chemicals and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Auszug. © Genehmigter Nachdruck. Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Supported Catalysts and their Applications

By D.C. Sherrington, A.P. Kybett

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2001 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-85404-880-9

Contents

Selectivity in Oxidation Catalysis B. K. Hodnett, 1, 
The Development and Application of Supported Reagents for Multi-step Organic Synthesis Steven V. Ley and Ian R. Baxendale, 9, 
Mesoporous Molecular Sieve Catalysts: Relationships between Reactivity and Long Range Structural Order/Disorder Thomas J. Pinnavaia, Thomas R. Pauly and Seong Su Kim, 19, 
Zeolite Beta and Its Uses in Organic Reactions J.C. van der Waal and H. van Bekkum, 27, 
Chiral Mesoporous Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials in Enantioselective Catalysis Daniel Brunel, 38, 
Immobilised Lewis Acids and Their Use in Organic Chemistry James H. Clark, Arnold Lambert, Duncan J. Macquarrie, David J. Nightingale, Peter M. Price, J. Katie Shorrock and Karen Wilson, 48, 
Influence of Zeolite Composition on Catalytic Activity M. Guisnet, 55, 
Synthesis of Soluble Libraries of Macrocycles from Polymers: Investigations of Some Possible Screening Methods Using Polymers P. Hodge, C.L. Ruddick, A. Ben-Haida, I. Goodbody and R.T. Williams, 68, 
Immobilised Catalysts and Their Use in the Synthesis of Fine and Intermediate Chemicals Wolfgang F. Hölderich, Hans H. Wagner and Michael H. Valkenberg, 76, 
Catalytic Aziridination and Epoxidation of Alkenes Using Modified Microporous and Mesoporous Materials Graham J. Hutchings, Christopher Langham, Paola Piaggio, Sophia Taylor, Paul McMorn, David J. Willock, Donald Bethell, Philip C. Bulman Page, Chris Sly, Fred Hancock and Frank King, 94, 
Enantioselective Alkylation of Benzaldehyde by Diethylzinc with (-)-Ephedrine Supported on MTS. A New Class of More Efficient Catalysts S. Abramson, M. Laspéras and D. Brunel, 104, 
Supported Perfluoroalkanedisulphonic Acids as Catalysts in Isobutane Alkylation A. de Angelis, P. Ingallina, W.O. Parker, Jr., M.G. Clerici and C. Perego, 111, 
Polymer Immobilised TEMPO (PIPO): An Efficient Catalytic System for Environmentally Benign Oxidation of Alcohols A. Dijksman, I.W.C.E. Arends and R.A. Sheldon, 118, 
The Preparation and Functionalisation of (Viny1)Polystyrene PolyHIPE. Short Routes to Binding Functional Groups through a Dimethylene Spacer A. Mercier, H. Deleuze, B. Maillard and 0. Mondain-Monval, 125, 
Polynitrogen Strong Bases as Immobilized Catalysts G. Gelbardand F. Vielfaure-Joly, 133, 
Selective Synthesis of 2-Acetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene over HBEA Zeolite E. Fromentin, J.-M. Coustard and M. Guisnet, 145, 
The Influence of "Superacidic" Modification on ZrO2 and Fe2O3 Catalysts for Methane Combustion A.S.C. Brown, J.S.J. Hargreaves, M.-L. Palacios and S.H. Taylor, 152, 
Structure and Reactivity of Polymer-supported Carbonylation Catalysts Anthony Haynes, Peter M. Maitlis, Ruhksana Quyoum, Harry Adam and Richard W. Strange, 166, 
An Original Behaviour of Copper(II)-exchanged Y Faujasite in the Ruff Oxidative Degradation of Calcium Gluconate Gwénaëlle Hourdin, Alain Germain, Claude Moreau and François Fajula, 176, 
Polymer-bound Organometallic Complexes as Catalysts for Use in Organic Synthesis Nicholas E. Leadbeater, 182, 
Dehydroisomerisation of n-Butane into Isobutene over Ga-Containing Zeolite Catalysts D.B. Lukyanov and T. Vazhnova, 188, 
Guanidine Catalysts Supported on Silica and Micelle Templated Silicas. New Basic Catalysts for Organic Chemistry Duncan J. Macquarrie, James E.G. Mdoe, Daniel Brunel, Gilbert Renard and Alexandre Blanc, 196, 
Organic Modification of Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica Dominic B. Jackson, Duncan J. Macquarrie and James H. Clark, 203, 
Towards Phthalocyanine Network Polymers for Heterogeneous Catalysis Neil B. McKeown, Hong Li and Saad Makhseed, 214, 
Suzuki Coupling Using Pd(0) and KF/Al2O3 G.W. Kabalka, R.M. Pagni, C.M. Hair, L. Wang and V. Namboodiri, 219, 
Unusual Regioselectivities Observed in the Oligomerization of Propene on Nickel(II) Ion-exchanged Silica–Alumina Catalysts Christakis P. Nicolaides and Michael S. Scurrell, 226, 
Selectivity through the Use of Heterogeneous Catalysts Keith Smith, 233, 
Novel Lewis-acidic Catalysts by Immobilisation of Ionic Liquids M.H. Valkenberg, C. deCastro and W.F. Holderich, 242, 
Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones M. von Arx, T. Mallat and A. Baiker, 247, 
Structural and Reactive Properties of Supported Transition Metal Triflates Karen Wilson and James H. Clark, 255, 
Soluble Fluoropolymer Catalysts for Hydroformylation of Olefins in Huorous Phases and Supercritical CO2 W. Chen, A.M. Banet-Osuna, A. Gourdier, L. Xu and J. Xiao, 262, 
Subject Index, 269,


CHAPTER 1

SELECTIVITY IN OXIDATION CATALYSIS


B. K. Hodnett

Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences and The Materials and Surface Science Institute University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland


ABSTRACT

Selectivity in oxidation catalysis has been reviewed for conventional catalysts used for the production of bulk chemicals and epoxidations. The point of activation of the substrate is identified as a key factor identifying three mechanistic features. These are (i) activation of the weakest C-H bond in a substrate, (ii) activation of the strongest C-H bond and (iii) electrophilic attack in olefins. Key features of each type of reaction are identified and new catalyst types needed to break through existing selectivity barriers are discussed.


1 INTRODUCTION

It has been established for some time that the chemical structure of substrates (reactants) is important in determining reactivity over heterogeneous catalysts. Yao' established the following order of reactivity for alkane total oxidation over supported platinum catalysts n - C4,H10 > C3 H8 > C2H6 > CH4 (> more reactive) and there is a body of work which indicates that C-H bond strength is an important factor in determining reactivity; molecules with weak C-H bonds tend to be more reactive.

The situation with respect to selectivity is less clear. Some examples of selective oxidation catalysts used in commercial practice are listed in Table 1. A consistent feature is that many oxidation catalysts are not highly dispersed when viewed on the atomic scale. Hence particle sizes tend to be large, even for supported precious metal catalysts. This feature, in turn, has led to descriptions of active site structures on these catalysts that are extensions of bulk structures.


2 SUBSTRATE ACTIVATION BY C-H BOND RUPTURE

The term activation is often used in relation to hydrocarbon reactivity over heterogeneous catalysts. Here, it is defined as identifying the primary point of attack on a reacting molecule. Literature evidence relating to kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies of selective oxidation and ammoxidation reactions are listed in Table 2. In each case, a KIE is observed only in relation to a specific C-H bond in the substrate. For example, in n-butane oxidation to maleic anhydride, a KIE is observed only when the methylene (-CH2-) hydrogens are replaced by deuterium, consistent with these C-H bonds being the point of activation in n-butane and their rupture being the slow step in the overall reaction. Further analysis of these results indicate that the point of activation is the weakest C-H bond available in substrate. Individual C-H bond strengths are annotated in Column 2 of Table 2.

This activation feature identifies one class of...

„Über diesen Titel“ kann sich auf eine andere Ausgabe dieses Titels beziehen.

Verlag
Royal Society of Chemistry
Erscheinungsdatum
2001
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN 10 
0854048804
ISBN 13 
9780854048809
Einband
Gebundene Ausgabe
Anzahl der Seiten
280
Herausgeber
Sherrington D. C., Kybett A. P.
Kontakt zum Hersteller
preigu GmbH & Co. KG
mail@preigu.de

Lengericher Landstr. 19
Osnabrück
Niedersachsen
49078
Deutschland