This book offers a scientific overview of key findings in groundwater management set in context against the legislative milestones ensuing as a result of research and development activities. Highlighting the close relationship between policy requirements and scientific knowledge, the editor provides up-to-date information on the EU groundwater policy framework complimented with discussions on integrating R&D activity and output into policy implementation. The first of its kind this book is essentially a unique summary of outstanding research and development projects in the field of groundwater science and the reader can draw upon a wealth of knowledge and information from both a scientific and political perspective. Examples of research projects contributing to both policy development and implementation are provided and discussed.
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Philippe QUEVAUVILLER is a member of the Water & Marine Unit of the EC Environment Directorate-General where he is responsible for the development and implementation of a new Groundwater Directive which will complement the existing water policy framework. He has worked as a researcher in marine geochemistry for over 20 years during which he has published more than 200 papers in the international literature and several books linked to environmental quality measurements. He is also a part-time professor at the K.U. Leuven teaching "water quality and treatment".
Groundwater is a vital link in the hydrological cycle and the importance of its preservation and protection has been recognised in the newly adopted EU Ground Water Directive. This book offers a scientific overview of key findings in groundwater management set in context against the legislative milestones ensuing as a result of research and development activities. Highlighting the close relationship between policy requirements and scientific knowledge, the editor provides up-to-date information on the EU groundwater policy framework complimented with discussions on how integrating R&D activity and output into policy implementation can be approached. The first of its kind, this book is essentially a unique summary of outstanding research and development projects in the field of groundwater science which allows the reader to draw upon a wealth of knowledge and information from both a scientific and policy driven perspective. Examples of existing research projects contributing to both policy development and implementation are provided and discussed providing a very powerful point of reference for future decision and policy makers. This book will be of exceptional interest to all graduates, researchers and professionals working in the fields of environmental science, conservation science, pollution science, quality assurance and agricultural science.
List of Contributors, xxxiii,
1. General Introduction,
Chapter 1 General Introduction: The Need to Protect Groundwater Philippe Quevauviller,
2. Science–Policy Integration Needs,
Chapter 2.1 Science–Policy Integration for Common Approaches Linked to Groundwater Management in Europe Philippe Quevauviller,
Chapter 2.2 Transferring Scientific Knowledge to Societal Use: Clue from the AQUATERRA Integrated Project Philippe Négrel, Dominique Darmendrail and Adriaan Slob,
Chapter 2.3 Groundwater Management and Planning: How Can Economics Help? Jean-Daniel Rinaudo and Pierre Strosser,
3. Groundwater Regulatory Framework,
Chapter 3.1 European Union Groundwater Policy Philippe Quevauviller,
Chapter 3.2 US Drinking Water Regulation: The Ground Water Rule Crystal Rodgers-Jenkins,
4. Stakeholder Interactions,
Chapter 4.1 Principles of the Common Implementation Strategy of the WFD: The Groundwater Woking Group Philippe Quevauviller, Johannes Grath and Andreas Scheidleder,
Chapter 4.2 The Pilot River Basin Network: Examples of Groundwater-related Activities Lorenzo Galbiati and Giovanni Bidoglio,
Chapter 4.3 The Harmoni-CA Initiative Geo E. Arnold, Wim J. de Lange and Michiel W. Blind,
Chapter 4.4 Linking Public Participation to Adaptive Management Claudia Pahl-Wostl, Jens Newig and Dagmar Ridder,
5. Groundwater Characterization and Risk Assessment,
Chapter 5.1 Groundwater Characterization and Risk Assessment in the Context of the EU Water Framework Directive Andreas Scheidleder, Johannes Grath and Philippe Quevauviller,
Chapter 5.2 Groundwater Quality Background Levels Emilio Custodio and Marisol Manzano,
Chapter 5.3 Groundwater Age and Quality Klaus Hinsby, Roland Purtschert and W. Mike Edmunds,
Chapter 5.4 Characterisation of Groundwater Contamination and Natural Attenuation Potential at Multiple Scales Thomas Ptak and Jerker Jarsjö,
Chapter 5.5 Improved Risk Assessment of Contaminant Spreading in Fractured Underground Reservoirs Christos D. Tsakiroglou,
Chapter 5.6 Groundwater Risk Assessment at Contaminated Sites (GRACOS): Test Methods and Modelling Approaches Peter Grathwohl and Hans van der Sloot,
Chapter 5.7 INCORE: Integrated Concept for Groundwater Remediation Thomas Ertel and Hermann J. Kirchholtes,
6. Groundwater Monitoring,
Chapter 6.1 Groundwater Monitoring in the Policy Context Johannes Grath, Rob Ward and Andreas Scheidleder,
Chapter 6.2 Screening Methods for Groundwater Monitoring Catherine Gonzalez, Anne-Marie Fouillac and Richard Greenwood,
Chapter 6.3 Quality Assurance for Groundwater Monitoring Philippe Quevauviller and Stéphane Roy,
7. Groundwater Pollution Prevention and Remediation,
Chapter 7.1 Prevention and Reduction of Groundwater Pollution at Contaminated Megasites: Integrated Management Strategy and its Application on Megasite Cases Jeroen Ter Meer, Hans Van Duijne, Rob Nieuwenhuis and Huub Rijnaarts,
Chapter 7.2 Forecasting Natural Attenuation as a Risk-based Groundwater Remediation Strategy Ryan D. Wilson, Steven F. Thornton and David N. Lerner,
Chapter 7.3 Diffuse Groundwater Quality Impacts from Agricultural Land-use: Management and Policy Implications of Scientific Realities Stephen Foster and Lucila Candela,
8. Integrated River Basin Management,
Chapter 8.1 Integrated Management Principles for Groundwater in the WFD Context Philippe Quevauviller,
Chapter 8.2 System Approach to Environmentally Acceptable Farming Ramon Laplana and Nadine Turpin,
Chapter 8.3 WATCH. Water Catchment Areas: Tools for Management and Control of Hazardous Compounds Thomas Track, Steve Setford, Sharon Huntley, Claudine Vermot-Desroches, John Wijdenes, Damia Barceló, Monica, Rosell Linares, Peter Werner, Jens Fahl, Hans-Peter Rohns, Claudia Forner, Jesper Holm, Douglas Graham, Eckard Hitsch and Josef Lintschinger,
9. Groundwater Status Assessment,
Chapter 9.1 Methodology for the Establishment of Groundwater Environmental Quality Standards Dietmar Müller and Anne-Marie Fouillac,
Chapter 9.2 Pesticides in European Groundwaters: Biogeochemical Processes, Contamination Status and Results from a Case Study Christophe Mouvet,
Chapter 9.3 Evaluation of the Quantitative Status of Groundwater-Surface Water Interaction at a National Scale Hans Jørgen Henriksen, Lars Troldborg, Per Nyegaard, Anker L. Højberg, Torben O. Sonnenborg and Jens Christian Refsgaard,
10. Modelling,
Chapter 10.1 Conceptual Models in River Basin Management Antony Chapman, Jos Brils, Erik Ansink, Cécile Herivaux and Pierre Strosser,
Chapter 10.2 Modelling Reactive Transport of Diffuse Contaminants: Identifying the Groundwater Contribution to Surface Water QualityHans Peter Broers, Bas van der Grift, Jasper Griffioen and Ruth Heerdink,
Chapter 11.1 SNOWMAN: An Alternative for Transnational Research Funding Jörg Frauenstein and H. Johan Van Veen,
Chapter 11.2 Incorporation of Groundwater Ecology in Environmental Policy Dan L. Danielopol, Christian Griebler, Amara Gunatilaka, Hans Jürgen Hahn, Janine Gibert, F. Mermillod-Blondin, Giuseppe Messana, Jos Notenboom and Boris Sket,
Chapter 11.3 Towards a Science-Policy Interface (WISE-RTD) in Support of Groundwater Management Philippe Quevauviller,
Appendices,
Subject Index, 716,
General Introduction: The Need to Protect Groundwater
PHILIPPE QUEVAUVILLER
European Commission, DG Environment (BU9 3/142), Rue de la Loi 200, BE-1049 Brussels, Belgium
1.1 Introduction
Groundwater constitutes the largest reservoir of freshwater in the world, accounting for over 97% of all freshwater available on earth (excluding glaciers and ice caps). The remaining 3% is composed mainly of surface water (lakes, rivers, wetlands) and soil moisture. Until recently, focus on groundwater mainly concerned its use as drinking water (e.g. about 75% of European Union (EU) inhabitants depend on groundwater for their water supply). Groundwater is also an important resource for industry (e.g. cooling waters) and agriculture (irrigation). It has, however, become increasingly obvious that groundwater should not only be viewed as a drinking water reservoir, but also as a critical aquatic ecosystem. In this respect, groundwater represents an important link of the hydrological cycle for the maintenance of wetlands and river flows, acting as a buffer through dry periods. In other words, it provides the base flow (i.e. the water which feeds rivers all year round) for surface water systems, many of which are used for water supply and recreation. In many rivers, indeed, more than 50% of the annual flow is derived from groundwater. In low-flow periods in summer, more than 90% of the flow in some rivers may come from groundwater. Hence, deterioration of groundwater quality may directly affect other related aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
Since groundwater moves slowly through the subsurface, the impact of anthropogenic activities may last for a relatively long time, which means that pollution that occurred some decades ago — whether from agriculture, industry or other human activities — may still be threatening...
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