Assessment and Reclamation of Contaminated Land (Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, Band 16) - Softcover

Royal Society Of Chemistry (Great Britain)

 
9780854042753: Assessment and Reclamation of Contaminated Land (Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, Band 16)
Softcover
ISBN 10: 085404275X ISBN 13: 9780854042753
Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2001

Inhaltsangabe

Contaminated land and the methods and legal controls governing its reclamation for subsequent development and use are of great current interest and concern. This volume covers aspects of this subject, ranging from the origins and extent of contaminated land problems, including effects on human health, through investigative measures, to specific techniques of remediation. It is written in the context of the new UK contaminated land regime and includes human and ecological risk assessment methodology, and the legal liabilities and insurance aspects of contaminated land. This authoritative review will be welcomed by those involved in the areas of land use planning and development, consultants and engineers in contaminated site investigation and remediation, and environmental regulators. Students of land management and environmental science will also find it essential reading.

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

The series has been edited by Professors Hester and Harrison since it began in 1994.

Professor Roy Harrison OBE is listed by ISI Thomson Scientific (on ISI Web of Knowledge) as a Highly Cited Researcher in the Environmental Science/Ecology category. He has an h-index of 54 (i.e. 54 of his papers have received 54 or more citations in the literature). In 2004 he was appointed OBE for services to environmental science in the New Year Honours List. He was profiled by the Journal of Environmental Monitoring (Vol 5, pp 39N-41N, 2003). Professor Harrison’s research interests lie in the field of environment and human health. His main specialism is in air pollution, from emissions through atmospheric chemical and physical transformations to exposure and effects on human health. Much of this work is designed to inform the development of policy.

Now an emeritus professor, Professor Ron Hester's current activities in chemistry are mainly as an editor and as an external examiner and assessor. He also retains appointments as external examiner and assessor / adviser on courses, individual promotions, and departmental / subject area evaluations both in the UK and abroad.

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Assessment and Reclamation of Contaminated Land

By R. E. Hester, R. M. Harrison

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2001 The Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-85404-275-3

Contents

The Extent of Contaminated Land Problems and the Scientific Response Simon J. T. Pollard, Malcolm Lythgo and Raquel Duarte-Davidson, 1, 
1 The Origins of Contaminated Land Problems, 1, 
2 The Extent of the Challenge, 3, 
3 Developments in the Science Base, 6, 
4 Conclusions, 19, 
5 Acknowledgements, 19, 
The New UK Contaminated Land Regime Malcolm Lowe and Judith Lowe, 21, 
1 Introduction, 21, 
2 The Context for Part IIA, 21, 
3 The Part IIA System, 24, 
4 Dealing with 'Risk', 29, 
5 Making People Pay, 35, 
6 Part IIA as a 'Regulatory System', 39, 
7 The State of Play, 42, 
8 What Next?, 43, 
Identifying and Dealing with Contaminated Land Mark Kibblewhite, 45, 
1 Introduction, 45, 
2 Site Assessment, 46, 
3 Risk Management, 58, 
4 Measurement of Site Contamination, 60, 
5 Conclusions, 63, 
Contaminated Land and the Link with Health Andrew J. Kibble and Patrick J. Saunders, 65, 
1 Introduction, 65, 
2 Exposure, 66, 
3 Health Studies, 73, 
4 Case Studies, 80, 
5 Conclusion, 83, 
Human Health Risk Assessment: Guideline Values and Magic Numbers C. Paul Nathanail and Naomi Earl, 85, 
1 Land Contamination Policy, 85, 
2 Risk Assessment, 88, 
3 What Is a Guideline Value?, 89, 
4 The Use of Guideline Values, 93, 
5 The CLEA Model, 96, 
6 The SNIFFER Framework, 101, 
7 Conclusions, 101, 
8 Acknowledgements, 101, 
Ecological Risk Assessment under the New Contaminated Land Regime Michael Quint, 103, 
1 Background and Legal Context, 103, 
2 Harm to Ecological Receptors, 104, 
3 General Approach to the Assessment of Land Under the New Regime, 105, 
4 Assessing Whether Significant Harm to Ecological Receptors Is Occurring, 106, 
5 Assessing the Possibility of Significant Harm Occurring, 108, 
6 The Environment Agency's Suggested Approach, 109, 
7 Guideline Values, 111, 
8 Comments and Discussion, 113, 
Remediation Methods for Contaminated Sites Peter Wood, 115, 
1 Introduction, 115, 
2 Summary of Remediation Approaches, 116, 
3 Selected Innovative Approaches, 129, 
4 Summary and Conclusions, 139, 
Legal Liabilities and Insurance Aspects of Contaminated Land Anthony J. Lennon, 141, 
1 Introduction, 141, 
2 Contaminated Land, 141, 
3 Statutory Provisions in the UK, 142, 
4 Sale of Land/Businesses, 143, 
5 Principles of Insurance, 144, 
6 History of Environmental Insurance, 146, 
7 Land Owners and Environmental Liabilities, 148, 
8 Pollution Liabilities for Contaminated Land Sites, 148, 
9 Current Manufacturing Activities, 149, 
10 Environmental Insurance, 150, 
11 Environmental Consultants, 154, 
12 Collateral Warranties, 155, 
13 Contractors, 156, 
14 An Example, 157, 
15 Conclusion, 159, 
Subject Index, 161,


CHAPTER 1

The Extent of Contaminated Land Problems and the Scientific Response


SIMON J.T. POLLARD, MALCOLM LYTHGO AND RAQUEL DUARTE-DAVIDSON


1 The Origins of Contaminated Land Problems

Background

The remediation and redevelopment of contaminated land is widely acknowledged as a major challenge for modern society. Land, and the groundwater below it, used for siting industrial facilities or for waste disposal may be contaminated and its redevelopment often requires that unacceptable risks are assessed and managed so that the site becomes suitable for its new use. Over the years, development planning, corporate environmental auditing and environmental regulation have all contributed to the discovery and subsequent remediation of contaminated land and groundwater. Successful management of contamination, whether at the site, regional or national scale, relies on understanding and applying a large and multidisciplinary knowledge base that straddles the natural, physical, engineering and social sciences within a practical, commercial and regulatory context. Practitioners applying this knowledge work within a decision-making context far removed from that of the research environment. This said, practitioners and decision-makers are required to consider the significance of the science base that affects their decisions, particularly those aspects relating to the perception of risk, the environmental fate of contaminants, the capabilities of analytical science, the concepts of environmental exposure and the practical capabilities of remedial technologies.

Decisions about contaminated land involve a multitude of stakeholders. New mechanisms and skills are required for engaging and involving audiences not familiar with the technically orientated language of environmental risk. The sustainable development policy agenda is resulting in new ways of thinking about risk, technology and decision-making. Increasingly, approaches to site remediation are being scrutinised by reference to their full life-cycle costs, and social, economic and technical factors are being considered alongside one another in appraising risk management options. Industry, its professional advisors and environmental regulators are now having to consider afresh how these broader aspects can best be incorporated into decisions.

A vast literature has developed on the issue of land contamination and several excellent reports, texts and reviews exist that focus on historical perspectives, policy and legal developments and consulting best practice. Here, we introduce the origins and extent of the problem and, as a contribution to the debate over effective solutions to this environmental challenge, we highlight some of the recent developments in the science base that underpin management decisions on land contamination. Given the emphasis in later chapters, we have concentrated on the assessment of contaminated land and research in the open literature. Specific developments in risk assessment, remediation, impacts on human health and the policy and regulatory frameworks are provided in detail elsewhere within this volume.


Origins

The challenge of managing contaminated land is not a new one. It has been recognised by governments internationally for at least thirty years and is closely associated, technically and legislatively with the issues of waste and hazardous waste disposal, the regeneration of derelict land, groundwater pollution and industrial site decommissioning. Whilst legislative boundaries and specific definitions may apply to these activities separately, these issues continue to overlap to a large extent and an examination of the origins of the problem needs to reflect on the historical emergence and development of this set of issues on the socio-economic and political landscape.

The widespread reporting of individual incidents and near misses associated with land contamination, coupled with increased government interest in waste management during the 1970s and 1980s led in many countries to the development of new legislative controls dealing with historically contaminated land and preventing future land contamination (see chapter by Lowe and Lowe). Highly publicised and often referred to international incidents such as those at Love Canal in the United States and Lekkerkerk in the Netherlands resulted in increased public and political interest. A growing concern over waste management practices...

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Verlag
Royal Society of Chemistry
Erscheinungsdatum
2001
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN 10 
085404275X
ISBN 13 
9780854042753
Einband
Taschenbuch
Anzahl der Seiten
178
Herausgeber
Harrison Roy M., Hester R. E.
Kontakt zum Hersteller
Nicht verfügbar
Verantwortliche Person
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