In the current international situation, the ability to deal effectively with water contamination emergencies is of rapidly increasing importance. The third in a series of conference proceedings, this book brings together contributions from leading scientists and experts in industry and academia. It offers an international perspective and develops the themes of the previous volumes entitled Water Contamination Emergencies: Can we cope? and Water Contamination Emergencies: Enhancing our response. The full range of potential chemical, microbiological and radiological contamination scenarios are addressed from the perspective of medical and health professionals, water companies and regulators, environmental protection professionals, risk and business continuity managers, emergency planners, local authorities, service and support providers, detection and equipment suppliers, disaster recovery specialists, water security experts, water distribution modellers and laboratories involved in round the clock emergency response. Emphasis is placed on the considerable effort required to prepare for and respond to an emergency. It is not sufficient for Individuals to simply identify their own responsibilities, they must also take action to establish effective and efficient working relationships with the other parties involved. In other words, they must take "Collective Responsibility". In summary, this book will provide readers with an up-to-date view of current strategies and the collaboration essential for an appropriate and timely response to water contamination emergencies.
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John Gray spent 22 years working in UK Water Companies on all aspects of water treatment, supply and analysis. This was followed by 13 years as a regulator before retirement in 2007 from his position as Deputy Chief Inspector (Operations) with the Drinking Water Inspectorate. He has been involved in improving the safety and security of drinking water supplies and has established links with other Government Departments, academia and research organizations involved in "homeland defence" issues both in the UK and internationally. He was closely involved in the development of the specialized analytical capability for the water industry. Actively involved with the Royal Society of Chemistry, John Gray was for six years a member of the Applications Committee followed by seven years with the Ethical Practices Committee. He chaired of the organizing committee of the three Water Contamination Emergencies conferences. Professor Thompson has 37 years experience in the management of environmental laboratories including those at Severn Trent and Yorkshire Water. He is currently Chief Scientist of ALcontrol UK, one of the largest contract water, soil, air and food analysis organizations in Europe. Since its inception in 1995, he has chaired the UK Water Laboratory Mutual Aid Group and been closely involved with the three associated sub-groups on emergency organic and radioactivity analysis and the LEAP emergency incident proficiency scheme. He was Secretary of the organizing committee of the three Water Contamination Emergencies conferences.
In the current international situation, the ability to deal effectively with water contamination emergencies is of rapidly increasing importance. The third in a series of conference proceedings, this book brings together contributions from leading scientists and experts in industry and academia. It offers an international perspective and develops the themes of the previous volumes entitled Water Contamination Emergencies: Can we cope? and Water Contamination Emergencies: Enhancing our response. The full range of potential chemical, microbiological and radiological contamination scenarios are addressed from the perspective of medical and health professionals, water companies and regulators, environmental protection professionals, risk and business continuity managers, emergency planners, local authorities, service and support providers, detection and equipment suppliers, disaster recovery specialists, water security experts, water distribution modellers and laboratories involved in round the clock emergency response. Emphasis is placed on the considerable effort required to prepare for and respond to an emergency. It is not sufficient for Individuals to simply identify their own responsibilities, they must also take action to establish effective and efficient working relationships with the other parties involved. In other words, they must take "Collective Responsibility." In summary, this book will provide readers with an up-to-date view of current strategies and the collaboration essential for an appropriate and timely response to water contamination emergencies.
In the current international situation, the ability to deal effectively with water contamination emergencies is of rapidly increasing importance. The third in a series of conference proceedings, this book brings together contributions from leading scientists and experts in industry and academia. It offers an international perspective and develops the themes of the previous volumes entitled Water Contamination Emergencies: Can we cope? and Water Contamination Emergencies: Enhancing our response. The full range of potential chemical, microbiological and radiological contamination scenarios are addressed from the perspective of medical and health professionals, water companies and regulators, environmental protection professionals, risk and business continuity managers, emergency planners, local authorities, service and support providers, detection and equipment suppliers, disaster recovery specialists, water security experts, water distribution modellers and laboratories involved in round the clock emergency response. Emphasis is placed on the considerable effort required to prepare for and respond to an emergency. It is not sufficient for Individuals to simply identify their own responsibilities, they must also take action to establish effective and efficient working relationships with the other parties involved. In other words, they must take "Collective Responsibility". In summary, this book will provide readers with an up-to-date view of current strategies and the collaboration essential for an appropriate and timely response to water contamination emergencies.
Introduction: Themes and Objectives J. Gray, 1,
Water Emergencies: Opening remarks G. Nichols, 4,
Water is life: a view of organisational resilience in the Australian water industry K.I. Gill, 9,
Online toxicity monitors and their use in distribution system and watershed earl warning systems H. J. Allen, R. C. Haught and D. A. Macke, 22,
Water supply security issues and trends B. Nguyen - presented by Hao-Nhiên Pham, 36,
Consequence management within the Environmental Protection Agency's water security initiative B. C. Pickard, 44,
Application of a risk based approach to security and integrity of assets – a regulators view M. J. Rink and S.A. Evans, 55,
Let's get real. Real world experiences with real-time on-line monitoring for security and quality. Detecting and responding to events. D. Kroll, K. King and G. Klein, 68,
The organisational culture of managing incidents and risks in the water sector R. Bradshaw, S. J. T. Pollard, D. I. Jalba, J. W. Charrois, S. E. Hrudey and N. J. Cromar, 82,
A simulation tool for contaminant warning system design and evaluation W. Einfeld; S. A. McKenna and M. P. Wilson, 117,
CBRN modelling: application to water contamination I. H. Griffiths, 128,
Planning, preparedness and security of the alternative water supply K. Silcock, 139,
Procedures for the decontamination of building plumbing systems S.J. Treado, M.A. Kedzierski, and V.J. Gallardo, 155,
Lessons learned from summer floods 2007. Phase 1 report – Emergency response prepared by Water UK's Review Group on flooding P. Mills, 166,
Risk assessment methodology for water utilities - RAM-W™ – lessons learned J. J. Danneels, 192,
Risk-based approaches to water quality management: integrating public health metrics in water safety planning G. Howard, 198,
How standards can assist the assessment of, recovery and prevention of future emergencies R. Greaves, 207,
The XX edition of the Torino Olympic Games experience: planning for and responding to drinking water contamination threats R. Binetti, P. Olivier, L. Meucci and L. Cappuccio, 218,
Sensitive, selective and simple UV-spectrometry for contaminant alarm systems J. van den Broeke, 229,
Fully automated instrumentation for nucleic acid testing in the field D.J. Squirrell, M.A. Lee and P. Wakeley, 238,
Optimisation of NMR methodology for non-targeted detection of water contaminants A. J. Charlton, J. A. Donarski, B. D. May and K. C. Thompson, 245,
Preventing water contamination – a co-ordinated response H. Clay-Chapman, 252,
Potential sources of man-made radiochemical contamination of water resources with special emphasis on the nuclear fuel cycle N. R. Pacey and J. Cobb, 260,
Rapid methods K. C. Thompson, 267,
Processing and databasing spectroscopic analyses and its use in the elucidation of unkowns I. Pierson, 293,
Handbooks to assist in the management of a radiological incident involving the contamination of drinking water supplies J. Brown, B. T. Wilkins and D. Hammond, 296,
Robust on-line total organic carbon (TOC) analyser for security monitoring E. Milks, 306,
Water UK emergency planning P. Fenton, 313,
The Scottish Waterborne Hazard Plan M. McGuinness, 316,
Research related to water security K. Fox, 320,
Early warning and reports V. Murray, 325,
OK, we've got a problem, so who do we tell? Inter-agency communication – a water company view D. A. Woolloff, 337,
Review and evaluation of water concentration technologies for analysis by real-time PCR S.L. Cunningham and B.M. Dowling, 342,
Scientific and Technical Advisory Cell (STAC) – getting timely public health advice to multi-agency frontline responders R. Carr, S. Ibbotson and VSG Murray, 353,
Communicating with the public during water contamination events: addressing vulnerable populations P. A. Nsiah-Kumi, 360,
Medical preparedness for water contamination events P. L. Meinhardt, 369,
Keeping the public on-side and maintaining reputation J. B. Shaw, 383,
Sociological and psychological constraints to learning from failure B.H. MacGillivray, 389,
Lessons learned from major contamination incidents – a discussion M. Furness, 397,
Review of conference J. Gray, 401,
List of posters, 405,
Subject Index, 407,
WATER EMERGENCIES – OPENING REMARKS
G. Nichols
Deputy Director, Environmental and Enteric Diseases Department, Health Protection Agency, Centre for Infections, 61 Colindale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, UK.
1 INTRODUCTION
Emergencies related to drinking water remain a cause of public concern. This conference will cover public health, waterborne disease and flooding looking at the planning and preparedness, security and initial responses, incident management and the examining the aftermath of such emergencies. It will look at operations, information and data management and communications and their importance in tackling these emergencies.
2 EXAMPLES OF OUTBREAKS
I have been involved in the investigation of outbreaks and incidents of food and waterborne disease for most of my career and in varying capacities. These range from a community outbreaks of Shigella sonnei, a hospital outbreak of Clostridium perfringens, early work on the role of Cryptosporidium in diarrhoeal disease, microsporidiosis in AIDS patients, outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis related to drinking water, badly pasteurized milk and swimming pools. There have been foodbome outbreaks such as Salmonella Enteritidis associated with imported eggs, Salmonella Schwarzengrund linked to chocolate coated nuts and Salmonella Barelli in sandwiches. I was involved in responses to flooding in 2000 and 2007, the foot and mouth outbreak in 2001 and the Yorkshire water drought in 1995. I have also investigated outbreaks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis, Pontiac fever associated with a spa pool and an increase in deaths associated with Clostridium novyi in injecting drug users and have been involved in decisions about instituting and lifting boil water notices and withdrawals of bottled water that were subject to faecal contamination.
We have looked at 114 waterborne outbreaks involving 22,975 people associated with public and private drinking water supplies in England and Wales between 1910 and 1999. Outbreaks during the first half of the 20th century that are recorded in the scientific literature were predominantly typhoid and paratyphoid fever. These organisms declined during the second half of the 20th century and in the last two decades the newly discovered organisms Cryptosporidium and Campylobacter were associated with the majority of outbreaks. These differences tell us that surveillance identifies real changes in disease (e.g. reduction in typhoid and paratyphoid), changes in laboratory detection (e.g. Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium) and changes in surveillance and outbreak detection. The outbreaks identified have a wide geographic spread and if you're in area hasn't had an outbreak there may be one within the next decade or two. There have been dramatic changes in pathogens over the last 100...
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