Biomedical Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy: A Practical Approach (RSC Analytical Spectroscopy Monographs, 11) - Hardcover

 
9780854041541: Biomedical Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy: A Practical Approach (RSC Analytical Spectroscopy Monographs, 11)
Hardcover
ISBN 10: 0854041540 ISBN 13: 9780854041541
Verlag: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011

Inhaltsangabe

Publication of a multi-author textbook on the biomedical applications of synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy was a central element in the workplan of the EU project DASIM (Diagnostic Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy). The project involved nearly 70 scientists and clinicians from 9 European countries, including all synchrotron facilities that have or are planning an infrared beamline. Together with its international associates from the USA, Canada and Australia, the project brought together essentially all recognized experts in the field. The project aims were to coordinate international research effort and to disseminate the relevant information amongst biological researchers and health care professionals and this multi-author textbook was conceived as the most important measure towards the aim of dissemination. The field of biomedical applications of synchrotron IR microspectroscopy, which has recently seen unprecedented growth, is extremely interdisciplinary, involving synchrotron physicists, spectroscopists, biologists and clinicians, with associated difficulties in getting these experts to understand each other. This multi-author book, from leading world experts, presents all aspects of the field in language that all the disparate experts involved can understand. It demystifies the subject both for clinicians and biologists who find synchrotron physics difficult to understand and for physicists who find medical/biological terminology incomprehensible. The book focuses specifically on biomedical IR spectroscopy using synchrotron light sources with particular emphasis on understandable presentation of necessary background knowledge, digestible summaries of research progress and above all as a practical 'how to do it' guide for those working in or wishing to enter the field of biomedical synchrotron IR microspectroscopy and imaging. Key features of the book include:- * a 'Fundamentals' section, explaining the basics of synchrotrons and FTIR spectroscopy as well as the needs of clinicians and biologists with respect to these technologies * a 'Technical Aspects' section, going into depth on optical issues, sample preparation and study design/data analysis * case studies bringing together these 2 elements through practical examples * Raman microspectroscopy, as an alternative approach, is explored in depth * the foreword is written by Henry Mantsch and Gwynn Williams, the two undisputed experts in the fields of biomedical FTIR spectroscopy and synchrotron IR microspectroscopy respectively

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Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Dr David Moss has been staff scientist at Synchrotron Light Source ANKA, Karlsruhe Research Center since 2001 and is responsible for biological applications at the infrared spectroscopy and microspectroscopy beamline. His current research interests include biomolecular and biomedical applications of infrared spectroscopy; structure/function relationships and molecular mechanisms in proteins; synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy of single living cells and mechanism of charge separation in biomimetic nanosystems for artificial photosynthesis. Dr Moss received his BSc in biology from Imperial College London in 1981 and his PhD in biochemistry from Cambridge University in 1985. He has held postdoctoral positions in biochemistry/biophysics in the UK and Germany and since 1987 his main field of expertise has been in the biological applications of infrared spectroscopy. He has had his permanent position at the Karlsruhe Research Center (a German government research laboratory) since 1990. Dr Moss initiated and organized a workshop on "Biological Applications of Synchrotron Infrared in Europe" in Karlsruhe in 2003 and was the organizer of the "International Summer School on Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy", June 2008 in Karlsruhe, Germany. He was also the coordinator of an EU project "Diagnostic Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy" from 2005 - 2008 and has contributed to many journal articles and book chapters.

Von der hinteren Coverseite

Publication of a multi-author textbook on the biomedical applications of synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy was a central element in the workplan of the EU project DASIM (Diagnostic Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy). The project involved nearly 70 scientists and clinicians from 9 European countries, including all synchrotron facilities that have or are planning an infrared beamline. Together with its international associates from the USA, Canada and Australia, the project brought together essentially all recognized experts in the field. The project aims were to coordinate international research effort and to disseminate the relevant information amongst biological researchers and health care professionals and this multi-author textbook was conceived as the most important measure towards the aim of dissemination. The field of biomedical applications of synchrotron IR microspectroscopy, which has recently seen unprecedented growth, is extremely interdisciplinary, involving synchrotron physicists, spectroscopists, biologists and clinicians, with associated difficulties in getting these experts to understand each other. This multi-author book, from leading world experts, presents all aspects of the field in language that all the disparate experts involved can understand. It demystifies the subject both for clinicians and biologists who find synchrotron physics difficult to understand and for physicists who find medical/biological terminology incomprehensible. The book focuses specifically on biomedical IR spectroscopy using synchrotron light sources with particular emphasis on understandable presentation of necessary background knowledge, digestible summaries of research progress and above all as a practical 'how to do it' guide for those working in or wishing to enter the field of biomedical synchrotron IR microspectroscopy and imaging.

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Biomedical Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy

By David Moss

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Chemistry
All rights reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-85404-154-1

Contents

Section 1: Fundamentals, 
Chapter 1 Vibrational Spectroscopy: What Does the Clinician Need? Sheila E. Fisher, Andrew T Harris, Nitish Khanna and Josep Sule-Suso, 3, 
Chapter 2 Mid-infrared Spectroscopy: The Basics John M. Chalmers, 29, 
Chapter 3 Infrared Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines: High Brilliance Tools for IR Spectromicroscopy Augusto Marcelli and Gianfelice Cinque, 67, 
Chapter 4 Raman Microscopy: Complement or Competitor? Hugh J. Byrne, Ganesh D. Sockalingum and Nick Stone, 105, 
Section 2: Technical Aspects, 
Chapter 5 Preparation of Tissues and Cells for Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging Fiona Lyng, Ehsan Gazi and Peter Gardner, 147, 
Chapter 6 Data Acquisition and Analysis in Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy Peter Lasch and Wolfgang Petrich, 192, 
Chapter 7 Synchrotron Radiation as a Source for Infrared Microspec–troscopic Imaging with 2D Multi-Element Detection G. L. Carr, L. M. Miller and P. Dumas, 226, 
Chapter 8 Scattering in Biomedical Infrared Spectroscopy Paul Bassan and Peter Gardner, 260, 
Section 3: Case Studies, 
Chapter 9 Synchrotron Based FTIR Spectroscopy in Lung Cancer. Is there a Niche? Josep Sule-Suso, 279, 
Chapter 10 Head and Neck Cancer: Observations from Synchrotron-sourced Mid-infrared Spectroscopy Investigations Mark J. Tobin, John M. Chalmers, Andrew T. Harris and Sheila E. Fisher, 291, 
Chapter 11 Single Cell Analysis of TSE-infected Neurons Ariane Kretlow, Janina Kneipp, Peter Lasch, Michael Beekes, Lisa Miller and Dieter Naumann, 315, 
Chapter 12 Monitoring the Effects of Cisplatin Uptake in Rat Glioma Cells: A Preliminary Study Using Fourier Transform Infrared Synchrotron Microspectroscopy K. R. Bambery, B. R. Wood, E. Schültke, B. H. J. Juurlink, T. May and D. McNaughton, 339, 
Chapter 13 Mid-Infrared Reflectivity of Mouse Atheromas: A Case Study Hoi-Ying N. Holman and Francis G. Blankenberg, 351, 
Subject Index, 369,


CHAPTER 1

Vibrational Spectroscopy: What Does the Clinician Need?

SHEILA E. FISHER, ANDREW T HARRIS, NITISH KHANNA AND JOSEP SULE-SUSO


1.1 Introduction

Modern medicine demands rapid, consistent and reliable techniques for population screening, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, prediction of treatment outcomes and to guide the use of ever more expensive therapeutic agents. This chapter will explore clinical need using examples of major diseases and highlight the potential of vibrational spectroscopy to play a part in future clinical management.

To achieve success it is vitally important that basic scientists, spectroscopists, biologists and clinicians are able to communicate effectively and understand each other's requirements and challenges. The advancement of multidisciplinary working has been a key feature of the Diagnostic Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy (DASIM) initiative, a Specific Support Action funded by the European Union to bring these groups together. During this period, the work of the group has encompassed, in addition to synchrotron based work, the wider aspects of diagnostic vibrational technology and the range of diseases and disorders to which it can be applied. In 2005, when the network began its work, although existing networks between biologists, clinicians and synchrotron scientists were making substantial progress in IR microspectroscopy of cells and tissues leading to the identification of spectroscopic biomarkers of potential diagnostic relevance, the European dimension was missing in these efforts because very few countries had synchrotron IR microspectroscopy facilities. Global networking was established between scientists but the technology had made limited impact on clinical practice and was poorly understood by doctors and other health professionals. During the life of the network, collaborations have been established which cross disciplines and new technology and techniques are constantly being developed and improved, potentially bringing the power and resolution previously offered only by synchrotron sources to the hospital laboratory, the clinic and to the patient. Understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of different spectral modalities, e.g. infrared (IR), Raman and fluorescence, and exploration as to the place of each in biomedical work is an emerging theme which continues to advance apace. At inter national level, teams are now working together to set parameters in terms of harvesting of clinical material, storage, preparation for imaging, and pre processing of data, all of which are essential given the changes which happen in biological samples as soon as they are separated from their host tissue and blood supply and also the tremendous complexity of the systems and bio chemical processes to be imaged. Since disease may change the biochemical composition, not only of cells and tissues but also of blood and other body fluids, the potential to use these as 'biomarkers' of disease processes is an important area for clinically based research. To map disease related changes it is necessary to carry out spectroscopic measurements at a microscopic level, matched to the size of cells or subcellular structures such as the nuclei and major organelles.

Clinically based research on vibrational techniques has focused on IR and Raman spectroscopy. The scientific basis of this approach relies on measurement of the natural vibrational frequencies of the atomic bonds in molecules. These frequencies depend on the masses of the atoms involved in the vibrational motion (i.e. on their elemental and isotopic identity), on the strengths of the bonds, and on the resting bond lengths and angles – in other words, on all the parameters that constitute the structure of the molecule. For this reason, IR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the identification, quantification and structural analysis of small molecules, and has been established for many decades as an indispensible tool in organic chemistry, polymer chemistry, pharmaceuticals, forensic science, and many other areas. Thus very high resolution material can be imaged at subcellular level and beyond to allow detailed understanding of biological processes.

Resolutions as small as 7 µm×7 µm×2 mm can be achieved by bench top IR machines and 0.3 µm×0.3 µm×0.5 mm by Raman, allowing the level of exploration required for understanding of clinically important spectral changes. Images can be acquired by transmission or reflectance modes and increasing use is being made of confocal techniques. The resolution offered by Raman and its freedom from difficulties imaging aqueous based preparations or environments makes it a promising modality for biological imaging, both 'in vitro' in the laboratory setting and 'in vivo' for noninvasive diagnosis in the clinic. Its spatial resolution permits detection of subcellular components (mitochondria, nucleoli, condensed chromatin) in cells, and opens new avenues of monitoring cellular processes without the use of stains or marker molecules, using the inherent spectral properties of molecular constituents. Evolving techniques are increasing the depth of imaging possible 'in vivo', which is critically important for clinical utility.

However, the complexity and variation in these processes are a challenge. Alterations in cell...

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Verlag
Royal Society of Chemistry
Erscheinungsdatum
2011
Sprache
Englisch
ISBN 10 
0854041540
ISBN 13 
9780854041541
Einband
Gebundene Ausgabe
Anzahl der Seiten
376
Herausgeber
Moss David
Kontakt zum Hersteller
Nicht verfügbar
Verantwortliche Person
gpsr@libri.de
gpsr@libri.de

Friedensallee 273
Hamburg
22763
Deutschland