The term magnetic resonance covers a wide range of techniques, spectroscopy, relaxation and imaging. In turn, these areas are evolving and leading to various new applications of NMR and ESR in food science and nutrition. This book is part of the continuing series of proceedings of the biennial conferences on applications of magnetic resonance to food science. As always, the aim of the book is to bring the reader up-to-date with the state-of-the-art of the subject. The speakers came from Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australasia giving a global perspective to the event. The range of the conference was broad covering sensory science, authenticity, functionality, solid state methods and new methods. Magnetic Resonance in Food Science is a global survey written by leading authorities. It provides readers with an awareness of current activity in the field and potential applications.
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PS Belton is Professor of Chemistry at the University of East Anglia and is a former Deputy Director of the Institute of Food Research, UK. M Gudjonsdottir is a Chemical Engineer and Project Manager at Matis' Process Development Department. GA Webb is based at the Royal Society of Chemistry in London. He has edited about 130 volumes, mostly concerned with magnetic resonance studies.
The term magnetic resonance covers a wide range of techniques, spectroscopy, relaxation and imaging. In turn, these areas are evolving and leading to various new applications of NMR and ESR in food science and nutrition. This book is part of the continuing series of proceedings of the biennial conferences on applications of magnetic resonance to food science. As always, the aim of the book is to bring the reader up-to-date with the state-of-the-art of the subject. The speakers came from Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australasia giving a global perspective to the event. The range of the conference was broad covering sensory science, authenticity, functionality, solid state methods and new methods. Magnetic Resonance in Food Science is a global survey written by leading authorities. It provides readers with an awareness of current activity in the field and potential applications.
New Techniques,
High resolution NMR analysis of complex mixtures Adrian J. Charlton, 3,
The quantitative impact of water suppression on NMR spectra for compositional analysis of alginates T. Salomonsen, H.M. Jensen, F.H. Larsen and S.B. Engelsen, 12,
NMR-based metabonomics approaches for the assessment of the metabolic impact of dietary polyphenols on humans John van Duynhoven, Ewoud van Velzen, Gabriele Gross, Ferdi van Dorsten, Doris Jacobs, Max Bingham, Richard Draijer, Theo Mulder, Thea Koning, Elaine Vaughan, Tom van der Wiele, Johan Westerhuis and Age Smilde, 20,
1H HR MAS NMR: profiling metabolites in single cereal kernels (of wheat and barley) N. Viereck, H. Winning, H.F. Seefeldt and S.B. Engelsen, 29,
Microstructure investigation of concentrated dairy gels by real-time NMR diffusion experiments F. Mariette and S. Le Feunteun, 37,
Developments in time domain and single sided NMR G. Guthausen and A. Kamlowski, 46,
Investigation of sodium ions in cheeses by 23NaNMR spectroscopy M. Gobet, L. Foucat and C. Moreau, 57,
Applications of field cycling relaxometry to food characterization S. Baroni, S. Bubici, G. Ferrante and S. Aime, 65,
A low resolution 1H NMR study to investigate the protective mechanism of sorbitol during vacuum drying of a probiotic micro-organism P. Foerst and U. Kulozik, 73,
A low-field-NMR capillary rheometer Dirk Mertens, Edme H. Hardy, Bernhard Hochstein and Gisela Guthausen, 81,
Development of a rheo-NMR system to study the crystallisation of bulk lipids under shear flow Gianfranco Mazzanti and Elizabeth M. Mudge, 89,
NMR-based Multi Parametric Quality Control of Fruit Juices E. Humpfer, H. Schaefer, B. Schuetz, M. Moertter, M. Spraul and P. Rinke, 97,
Spatial mapping of solid and liquid lipid in chocolate A.G. Marangoni, B. MacMillan, S. Marty and B.J. Balcom, 105,
Food Systems and Processing,
Effect of soy addition on microwavable parbaked frozen doughs L. Serventi, J. Sachleben and Y. Vodovotz, 115,
Identification and quantification of phosphorus in cheeses - methodological investigations by solid-state 31P NMR spectroscopy C. Rondeau-Mouro, M. Gobet, B. Mietton, S. Buchin and C. Moreau, 115,
Using MRI to study tomato fruit Maja Musse, Stéphane Quellec, Marie-Françoise Devaux, Mireille Cambert, Marc Lahaye and François Mariette, 126,
SNIF-NMR and chemometric methods applied to 1H NMR in the study of brazilian brandy authenticity Elisangela Fabiana Boffo, Mârcia Miguel Castro Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto Ferreira, 143,
Identification and quantification of major triacylglycerols in selected South African vegetable oils by 13C NMR spectroscopy L. Retief J.M. McKenzie and K.R. Koch, 151,
Pomodoro di pachino: an authentication study using 1H-NMR and chemometrics - protecting its P.G.I. European certification F. Savorani, F. Capozzi, S.B. Engelsen, M.T. Dell'Abate and P. Sequi, 158,
ID and 2D 1H-NMR analysis of taste compounds extracted from raw or fried Allium Cepa l. Tissues. Methodological questions. A. Tardieu, W. de Man and H. This, 167,
Analysis of butter and margarine by high-resolution 1H NMR Jan Schripsema, 177,
Spin-lattice relaxation time measurements as a probe for triacylglycerol polymorphism and crystal size M. Adam-Berret, A. Riaublanc, C. Rondeau-Mouro and F. Mariette, 185,
ESR and Other Techniques,
ESR for food irradiation detection Eric Marchioni, 195,
Applications of CW-EPR in food quality control and R&D Andreas Kamlowski, David Barr and Hideyuki Hara, 205,
Application of electron spin resonance to study food anitoxidative and prooxidative activities J.J. Yin and P.P. Fu, 213,
Water/biopolymer interactions: comparison of NMR with other techniques A. Almutawah, S. A. Barker and P. S. Belton, 222,
Fish and Meat,
Low field NMR study on wild and farmed atlantic cod (Gadus Morhua) M. Guðjónsdóttir, V.N. Gunnlaugsson, G.A. Finnbogadottir, K. Sveinsdóttir, H. Magnússon and S. Arason, 231,
A look at NMR relaxometry applications in meat science - recent advances in coupling NMR relaxometry with spectroscopic, thermodynamic, microscopic and sensory measurements H. C. Bertram, R.L. Meyer and H.J. Andersen, 241,
Sodium MRI as a tool for optimization of salting processes Emil Veliyulin, Ida G. Aursand, Ulf Erikson and Bruce J. Balcom, 251,
Subject Index, 257,
HIGH RESOLUTION NMR ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX MIXTURES
Adrian J. Charlton
Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, Sand Hutton, York, Y041 1LZ, UK.
1 INTRODUCTION
Advances in analytical techniques and reduced computation times have facilitated broad ranging characterisation of complex chemical and biochemical systems. Resolution and sensitivity enhancements have ensured a key role for high-resolution liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the determination of compositional variation in complex matrices including foods. A range of studies utilising NMR spectroscopy and advanced data exploration techniques have illustrated the applicability of these techniques to issues facing the food and agricultural sectors.
In the era of the discerning consumer, attitudes toward food choice have changed markedly from the need to provide basic nutrition to the desire to make informed choices relating to food intake. Consumer choices in relation to food intake are often made on the basis of the perceived health benefits that food borne components may impart, where scientific methods to substantiate these claims are often lacking. Whilst the organoleptic properties of food are doubtless a major factor for continued food consumption, it is also clear that initial choices are often made on the basis of promotional labelling. Information that is present on food labels acts as a comparative index by which initial consumer choices are made. For example, regional produce may be associated with a distinctive flavour. Similarly, production processes including organic, com-fed or free range are associated with superior quality produce or morality probing implications.
Informed consumer preferences are thus leading to a greater range of choices and a concurrent increase in the number of claims that are made by food producers, manufacturers and the broadcast media. These choices can only be considered as informed when public awareness of current scientific knowledge is prevalent. In the scientific communities an extensive phase of evidence gathering is being undertaken in relation to food composition. This is largely being driven by a desire to fully understand the composition of food and its implications with respect to consumer choice and public health. Large bodies of data are being collected and interpreted against specific claims relating to food authenticity, quality, safety and nutrition.
An insight is provided here into the current state-of-the-art for the compositional analysis of molecules in food utilising high-resolution NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate data analysis techniques. The recent Human Metabolome Project (http://www.metabolomics.ca) has identified 2,500 metabolites, 1,200 drugs, and 3,500 food...
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