Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Nicholas De Genova has taught anthropology and Latino studies at Columbia University, Stanford University, the University of Bern, and the University of Amsterdam. He is the author of Working the Boundaries: Race, Space, and "Illegality" in Mexican Chicago and the editor of Racial Transformations: Latinos and Asians Remaking the United States, both also published by Duke University Press.

Nathalie Peutz is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Wayne State University.

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"This valuable collection of essays treating deportation as a distinct form of state social control shows convincingly that deportation demands more specific attention from social theorists. The ethnographically rich and theoretically informed essays provide fascinating case studies on the functioning of the deportation regime in different national settings."--Linda Bosniak, author of "The Citizen and the Alien: Dilemma of Contemporary Membership"

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The Deportation Regime

Duke University Press

Contents

Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................................................................................viiIntroduction Nathalie Peutz and Nicholas De Genova.........................................................................................................................................1The Deportation Regime: Sovereignty, Space, and the Freedom of Movement Nicholas De Genova.................................................................................................331. Deportation, Expulsion, and the International Police of Aliens William Walters...........................................................................................................692. Immigration Detention and the Territoriality of Universal Rights Galina Cornelisse......................................................................................................1013. Mapping the European Space of Circulation Serhat Karakayali and Enrica Rigo.............................................................................................................1234. From Exception to Excess: Detention and Deportations across the Mediterranean Space Rutvica Andrijasevic................................................................................1475. Deportation in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands: Anticipation, Experience, and Memory Victor Talavera, Guillermina Gina Nez-Mchiri, and Josiah Heyman......................................1666. Engulfed: Indian Guest Workers, Bahraini Citizens, and the Structural Violence of the Kafala System Andrew M. Gardner...................................................................1967. Deportation at the Limits of "Tolerance": The Juridical, Institutional, and Social Construction of "Illegality" in Switzerland Hans-Rudolf Wicker.......................................2248. Deportation Deferred: "Illegality," Visibility, and Recognition in Contemporary Germany Heide Castaeda.................................................................................2459. Citizens, "Real" Others, and "Other" Others: The Biopolitics of Otherness and the Deportation of Unauthorized Migrant Workers from Tel Aviv, Israel Sarah S. Willen.....................26210. Radical Deportation: Alien Tales from Lodi and San Francisco Sunaina Maira.............................................................................................................29511. Fictions of Law: The Trial of Sulaiman Oladokun, or Reading Kafka in an Immigration Court Aashti Bhartia...............................................................................32912. Exiled by Law: Deportation and the Inviability of Life Susan Bibler Coutin.............................................................................................................35113. "Criminal Alien" Deportees in Somaliland: An Ethnography of Removal Nathalie Peutz.....................................................................................................37114. Abject Cosmopolitanism: The Politics of Protection in the Anti-Deportation Movement Peter Nyers........................................................................................413References..................................................................................................................................................................................443Contributors................................................................................................................................................................................483Index.......................................................................................................................................................................................487

Chapter One

The Deportation Regime Sovereignty, Space, and the Freedom of Movement

Of all the specific liberties which may come into our minds when we hear the word "freedom," freedom of movement is historically the oldest and also the most elementary. Being able to depart for where we will is the prototypical gesture of being free, as limitation of freedom of movement has from time immemorial been the precondition for enslavement. Freedom of movement is also the indispensable precondition for action, and it is in action that men primarily experience freedom in the world.-Hannah Arendt, "On Humanity in Dark Times" To be a human being in the true sense of the word, one has to be unsettled. -Vilm Flusser, "To Be Unsettled, One First Has to Be Settled"

If the freedom of movement is truly "elementary" and "prototypical"-and, furthermore, if it is fundamental-for any serious reflection on or practice of liberty, it is revealing that such a basic freedom has been relegated to an ominous political neglect as well as an astounding theoretical silence. Indeed, various formulations of such a freedom have been intermittently institutionalized since ancient times and then, after the founding of the United Nations in 1948, enshrined in article 13 of its Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Yet one can scarcely encounter a reference to the freedom of movement that is not immediately encumbered with the pertinent qualifications, limitations, and restrictions. Notably, the ineffable fault line in modern times for the positing of such a freedom has been the primacy, prerogative, and presumptive sovereignty of territorially defined ("national") states. If the freedom of movement has remained utterly beleaguered, its persistent and pernicious regulation has nevertheless become an evergreater preoccupation of these states in the reentrenchment of their spatial jurisdictions. This ever-increasing attempt to control human mobility tends to be promoted, in fact, as nothing less than a putative manifestation of these states' ("national") sovereign power.

Amid proliferating spectacles of increasingly militarized border policing and the expanding purview of securitization in all aspects of travel and transit, globally, deportation has thus recently achieved an unprecedented prominence (see, e.g., Bloch and Schuster 2005; De Genova 2002; Fekete 2005; Hing 2006a; Kanstroom 2007; in this volume, see also Peutz; Walters). Associated with the ascendancy of an effectively global, neoimperial sovereignty (and a more general rescaling of various state functions and capabilities), a decidedly inverse relation may be detected between the distinctly waning fortunes and diminishing returns of nationstate sovereignty, as such, and the exuberant attention to ever more comprehensive and draconian controls that states seek to impose upon the most humble cross-border comings and goings-and settlings-of migrants (cf. Bosniak 1998, 2006; Dauvergne 2007; Nyers 2006a). At the beginning of the twentieth century, it was commonly considered to be frankly unconscionable, even by some immigration judges, to inflict the plainly punitive, "barbarous and cruel" hardship of expulsion on unauthorized but otherwise lawful long-term migrants and their families (see Ngai 2005, A21). By century's end, deportation had become utterly banal. Indeed, despite the inevitable and irreducible historical specificities of particular states' legal bulwarks concerning the regulation of immigration (De Genova 2002), the practice of deportation...