Über die Autorinnen und Autoren

Hakan Altinay is a nonresident senior fellow in Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution. Previously he served as executive director of the Open Society Foundation–Turkey and was a World Fellow at Yale University.

Kemal Dervis is vice president and director for Global Economy and Development at Brookings. He is the coeditor of Europe's Crisis, Europe's Future (Brookings, 2014) and coauthor of Inequality in America: Facts, Trends, and International Perspectives (Brookings, 2012).

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Global Civics

BROOKINGS INSTITUTION PRESS

Contents

FOREWORD Kemal Dervis...........................................................................................................................................................................................................viiPREFACE..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................xi1 Why a Global Civics? Hakan Altinay............................................................................................................................................................................................12 Ten Perspectives on Global Civics Hakan Altinay, with Balveer Arora, Jonathan Fanton, David Held, Andrey Kortunov, Ivan Krastev, Ricardo Lagos, Thomas Pogge, Dani Rodrik, Dingli Shen, and Javier Solana.....................233 Beyond the UN Charter: A New Concept of Global Security and Global Civics Nabil Fahmy.........................................................................................................................................534 Global Civics through Global Solidarity Trevor Manuel and Edgar Pieterse......................................................................................................................................................615 Civic Involvement at a Turkish University Tara Hopkins and Tosun Terzioglu....................................................................................................................................................796 Discussing Global Civics Hakan Altinay........................................................................................................................................................................................897 Global Civics through Literature Murat Belge..................................................................................................................................................................................998 A Global Civics Syllabus for 2011–12: Introduction to Concepts and Theories Graham Finlay and Vusi Gumede................................................................................................................107CONTRIBUTORS.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................135INDEX............................................................................................................................................................................................................................137

Chapter One

HAKAN ALTINAY

The broad manifestations of today's epic global interdependence are well known. Financial engineering in the United States can determine economic growth in every part of the world; carbon dioxide emissions from China can affect crop yields and livelihoods in the Maldives, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and beyond; an epidemic in Vietnam or Mexico can constrain public life in the United States; and volcanic ash from Iceland disrupts travel across Europe. The inherent difficulties of devising and implementing solutions to global problems through nation-states have also become apparent. Traditionally, two broad models have been used to deal with this predicament. The first relies on a wide range of creative ad hoc alliances and solutions. When standard global public heath instruments proved insufficient, the Global Fund to Fight AIDs, Tuberculosis, and Malaria was established. When the Internet became global, its management was turned over to ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), which among other things enlists the input of individual Internet users in its governance, a significant departure from conventional intergovernmental multilateralism.

The second model is based on a more systematic reliance on rule of international law and also on what is known as the global public goods paradigm. Proponents of this concept point first and foremost to the existence of certain vital global public goods, climate being the most obvious example. The global public goods paradigm also implies some commensurability, if not uniformity, in the way people respond to various global collective action challenges. Some tend to feel suffocated by this expectation of commensurability among various global governance tracks; others find it reassuring and liberating. Many in the periphery have been largely absent from this debate, except for expressions of indignation about the unfairness of the status quo interspersed with acts of obstructionism.

Both of these models are premised on the belief that global governance is essentially a technocratic puzzle for which smart institutional design will provide the necessary answers. Yet, what the world is negotiating is, in effect, a global social contract, not a technocratic fix. The key question that needs to be answered is what responsibilities we all have toward people who happen not to be our compatriots. The question is so simple that one is often struck by the strange absence of ready answers to this fundamental question. Generating meaningful responses to this question will entail starting to imagine—without panic or rush, and with all the care and thoughtfulness this conversation requires—a global civics.

In its conventional use, "civics" refers to the familiar constellation of rights and responsibilities emanating from a social contract and citizenship in a nation-state. But what about global civics? Would this be feasible—or even desirable?

There are several plausible objections to the concept of global civics. One can argue that allowing for even a modest level of responsibility toward all the world's 6.9 billion people is so overwhelming that it is a nonstarter. Furthermore, it can be argued that any meaningful experience of pan-global consciousness and solidarity among human beings is nascent at best and therefore cannot form the basis for a formidable constellation of rights and responsibilities, and that the experience of being a global citizen is restricted to a few activists and international elites, like those who gather for the World Economic Forum in Davos. Finally, one can argue that civics assumes effective enforcement and a state, and since there is no world government, any talk of global civics is whimsical.

Notwithstanding such skepticism, I intend to demonstrate that it is, in fact, possible to imagine global civics. In attempting to do so, I first consider the unhelpful views that have impeded fruitful consideration of the concept of global civics. Then I outline the rationale for global civics and offer two thought experiments to operationalize this new concept.

Surrogate Debates

It is not surprising that there is skepticism about the concept of global civics because surrogate discussions about global civics have left much to be desired. Thus the case for global civics needs to begin by defusing several of these minefields.

The first minefield is formed by the group believing in world federation by stealth. Proponents of this view see each international problem as a way to get closer to some federal world government. They seem to be intent on delivering the good life through global structures since they doubt...