1.0 Introduction.- 2.0 Summary and Recommendations.- A. Summary.- B. Recommendations.- Operational networking continuity.- Guidelines for the exchange of radar products.- Data transmission.- Network structure.- North Sea radar coverage.- Electronically scanning radar project.- Follow-on COST project.- Multi-national hydrological applications.- Training.- Wet deposition of pollution.- Radar systems database.- 3.0 Organisation of Work in the Project.- The form and role of the Management Committee.- Financing of the Project.- Support of the CEC.- Project Co-ordinator.- Report structure and working groups.- Total estimated cost of the COST 73 Project.- Seminars.- 4.0 Study Results from the Project.- Radar networking in Europe.- Current distribution and types of radar.- Operational radar characteristics.- Conventional radars.- Doppler radars.- Techniques.- Waveforms.- MTI performance.- Transmitter/receiver principles.- A typical modern Doppler radar.- Benefits of Doppler radar.- Identifying ground echoes.- Wind measurements.- Manual interpretation techniques.- Automatic interpretation techniques.- System outputs and usefulness.- Meteorological aspects.- Practical aspects.- Radar data generation and analyses used in different countries - obtained from the results of a questionnaire.- A proposal for a radar meteorology training curriculum.- Types of users requiring training.- Meteorologists/scientists.- Technicians/engineers.- Scientific assistants.- Computer specialists.- Specialist users.- Training curriculum.- Radar site processing.- Current radar site processing characteristics.- Occultation.- Useful range of weather radars.- Theoretical range of radars.- Effective earth radius for radar and optical propagation.- Practical determination of the lowest usable beam axis.- Theodolite measurements.- Use of a geographical map or geographical data base.- Format for COST purposes.- Coverage map and database.- Weather radar measurements, derived quantities and units employed.- Results of weather radar measurements.- Echo intensity.- Echo position and height.- Assignment of intensity class intervals in digital reflectivity processing.- Conventional radar products.- Doppler radar products.- Summary.- Clutter cancellation.- Basic considerations.- Relevance of clutter elimination.- Choice of wavelength.- Choosing a radar site.- Clutter characteristics.- Cross section of clutter and weather targets.- Variability of clutter and anaprop.- Clutter removal in real-time.- Clutter avoidance.- Pre-processing of the radar signal.- Distribution of clutter in space.- Continuity of weather echoes in time.- Use of other meteorological data.- Clutter map.- Additional image processing.- Sampling requirements and radar scan constraints.- Clutter elimination.- Quantitative applications.- A possible solution.- Summary.- Calibration of radar equipment and adjustment of radar data.- Hardware calibration of radar systems.- Meteorological adjustment of radar data.- Software structure.- Control of the radar.- Correction of data.- Products to be produced by the site system.- Products, transmission and receipt.- Typical system sizes.- Low-cost display systems.- Potential users of low-cost display systems.- The uses of low-cost display systems.- Low-cost display requirements.- The use of PCs.- Storage requirements.- Operational considerations.- Screen layout.- Data reception.- Menu-driven interface.- Main menu.- Controlling the replay sequence.- On-line help system.- Colours.- Replay options.- Record interval.- Coastline/boundary on/off.- Save preferences.- Select image.- Technical characteristics of some of the commercially available video boards.- End user requirements and applications of weather radar data.- End user requirements.- Weather radars and computer systems.- Transmission systems.- End users' workstation.- Applications of weather radar data.- Weather radar for winter operations.- Weather radar in road maintenance.- Weather radar for agricultural applic...
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This five-year project started on 25th September 1986. Eventually, sixteen countries and the European Commission itself signed the Memorandum of Understanding. The principal objectives of the Project were to further the establishment of national operational weather radar networks, harmonise operations, data handling and processing to minimise the difficulties of, and maximise the benefits of international weather radar data exchange. To transmit the data efficiently, standardised formats and protocols were essential. These were formulated by a working group whose efforts were rewarded when WMO accepted their proposal for worldwide use. A multi-national pilot project area was established and streams of data from each of the countries involved were merged and integrated with data from the satellite METEOSAT. The composite image, known as `the COST image' was regularly distributed via the global telecommunication system of WMO, the public telephone switched network and the Olympus satellite. The utility of the COST image was assessed for, inter alia, short-period forecasting, aviation flight assistance, maritime forecasting and the initialisation of numerical weather prediction models. In all cases, the COST image was found to be beneficial. A report containing proposed curricula for the training of meteorologists, hydrologists and other major users of weather radar data was sent to WMO for possible adoption as one of their standard training manuals. As a report of international scientific cooperation, this is a success story. All the principal objectives of the Memorandum of Understanding were achieved both within time and budget. It is a tale of international cooperation at its best.
The principal objectives of the Project were to further the establishment of national "operational" weather radar networks, harmonise operations, data handling and processing to minimise the difficulties of, and maximise the benefits of international weather radar data exchange. To transmit the data efficiently, standardised formats and protocols were essential. These were formulated by a working group whose efforts were rewarded when WMO accepted their proposal for worldwide use. A multi-national pilot project area was established and streams of data from each of the countries involved were merged and integrated with data from the satelite METEOSAT. The composite image, known as "the COST image" was regularly distributed via the global telecommunication system of WMO, the public telephone switched network and the Olympus satelite. The utility of the COST image was assessed for, inter alia, short-period forecasting, aviation flight assistance, maritime forecasting and the initialisation of numerical weather prediction models. In all cases, the COST image was found to be beneficial. A report containing proposed curricula for the training of meteorologists, hydrologists and other major users of weather radar data was sent to WMO for possible adoption as one of their standard training manuals. As a report of international scientific cooperation, this is a success story. All the principal objectives of the Memorandum of Understanding were achieved both within time and budget. It is a tale of international cooperation at its best.
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Buch. Zustand: Neu. Druck auf Anfrage Neuware - Printed after ordering - This five-year project started on 25th September 1986. Eventually, sixteen countries and the European Commission itself signed the Memorandum of Understanding. The principal objectives of the Project were to further the establishment of national operational weather radar networks, harmonise operations, data handling and processing to minimise the difficulties of, and maximise the benefits of international weather radar data exchange. To transmit the data efficiently, standardised formats and protocols were essential. These were formulated by a working group whose efforts were rewarded when WMO accepted their proposal for worldwide use. A multi-national pilot project area was established and streams of data from each of the countries involved were merged and integrated with data from the satellite METEOSAT. The composite image, known as `the COST image' was regularly distributed via the global telecommunication system of WMO, the public telephone switched network and the Olympus satellite. The utility of the COST image was assessed for, inter alia, short-period forecasting, aviation flight assistance, maritime forecasting and the initialisation of numerical weather prediction models. In all cases, the COST image was found to be beneficial. A report containing proposed curricula for the training of meteorologists, hydrologists and other major users of weather radar data was sent to WMO for possible adoption as one of their standard training manuals. As a report of international scientific cooperation, this is a success story. All the principal objectives of the Memorandum of Understanding were achieved both within time and budget. It is a tale of international cooperation at its best. Artikel-Nr. 9780792319399
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