Keeping Kids Out of the Middle: Child-Centered Parenting in the Midst of Conflict, Separation, and Divorce - Softcover

Über die Autorin bzw. den Autor

Benjamin D. Garber, Ph.D., is a New Hampshire licensed child psychologist, a state certified Guardian ad litem, and a practicing Parenting Coordinator. Dr. Garber has a Bachelor of Arts degree in developmental psychology and psycholinguistics from the University of Michigan, a Master of Science, and a Doctorate in child clinical and developmental psychology from Pennsylvania State University. Visit www.healthyparent.com to learn more about Dr. Garber and learn more about how to keep kids out of the middle.

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Chapter 5

The Essentials of
Co-Parenting

If our job as co-parents is to create an emotional safety net beneath our kids, these are the conceptual threads—the warp and weft—with which we weave:

1. -Health and safety are always our first priority. As often as we are forced to choose between that which makes our kids happy and that which makes our kids healthy, we always choose health first. Choices that compromise our children's health to make them happy are self-serving and short-lived. Choices that help our children become healthy allow them to discover their own happiness.
2. -Our love for our children is forever and no matter what. We know that our kids will test our limits, defy our rules, damage our possessions, and maybe even lash out in rage. Their specific behaviors may not be acceptable, but our love for our children is unbreakable. This is especially important when parents separate. While it appears that love can stop, your love for your child will not.
3. -We always promote our children's relationship with our co-parents. We do this by speaking to and about one another with respect. We never allow our adult feelings for one another (or any other adult's words or actions) to hinder the quality of our kids' relationships with each of us.
4. -We know that every person needs to feel loved and accepted. As adults, we do everything we can to make sure that our emotional needs are met by other adults. As parents, we expect and accept that we will provide love and acceptance for our children without any expectation in return.
5. -We know that our own health and calm, firm presence reassure our children. We take every reasonable step to remain physically and emotionally healthy and to learn to be the best caregivers we can. In doing so, we are not only giving our kids a solid foundation upon which they can grow, but we are also giving them permission through our example to take good care of ­themselves.

Living Together in Conflict

The goal is not to live without conflict.

Conflict is an expectable part of any caring relationship. The anger, fear, and sadness that fuel conflict are as necessary and natural as the happiness, hopes, and dreams that create the unique fabric of each ­relationship.

Because conflict happens, the goal is to manage it in healthy ways so that it becomes an opportunity for growth rather than a weapon of destruction. It's far easier to reach this goal when the relationship affects no one but you and your intimate adult partner. Once a child enters the equation, managing conflict in healthy ways can become at least as difficult as it is important.

What we know with certainty is that our kids are the barometers of our adult relationships. When we feel content, loved, and accepted, the emotional pressure in our lives diminishes, and our kids feel safe, confident, and secure. When conflict erupts in our adult relationships, the emotional pressure increases, and our kids feel anxious and fearful. Their behavior becomes less mature (a process known as regression), their emotions become erratic, and, over time, their sense of themselves and their ability to develop their own healthy relationships can be damaged.

'My daughter's too young to understand.'
'My son has learning and attention difficulties. When we argue, it goes right over his head.'
'My teenager is off in his own little world. He doesn't know.'

These are among the excuses that conflicted co-parents commonly make in the interest of comforting themselves. Unfortunately, all three are wrong. We know, for example, that newborn infants respond differently to the emotional tone of the voices that surround them and to the different physical experiences of being held by a calm parent or by an angry parent. Long before words are understood, the visual, audible, and tactile experiences of emotional pressure can cause a child to become tense herself, to cry and refuse food, or become unable to hold it down. When the pressure persists, physical development can be impacted and emotional development thrown off course. The child can become overly clingy or begin to reject caregiving altogether. In the long term, exposure to continuous emotional pressure can cause an infant or a toddler to shut down in something known as conservation-withdrawal.

We know as well that kids who struggle with math and English and science in school, those who are diagnosed with attention problems or with learning differences (including nonverbal learning disabilities), and even those on the autistic spectrum (Asperger's syndrome, for example) read and respond to their caregiver's emotions as much as their age mates, even if they are less able to put their experience into words.

And your teenager with his face buried in a video screen and his ears submersed in rap 'n' roll? Yep, he's listening, too. In fact, you have to wonder how much of some kids' escape into digital media, sports, drugs and alcohol, peer groups, and gangs are a response to the tension they live with at home.
The simple fact is that you cannot hide your feelings from your kids. They get it. They feel the conflict in your intimate adult relationship even if they don't see or hear it, and it affects them. Whether their experience of your adult conflict teaches them healthy strategies for coping with their own inevitable conflicts or leaves them scared, needy, angry, and confused depends on many factors, not the least of which is your success in keeping them out of the middle.

All in the Family

Kids become drawn into their parents' conflicts in a million subtle ways. The dramatic examples are easy to identify: the divorced mom who asks her son to collect the support check from his dad, the bitter partners who try to recruit their daughter into their hatred for each other, or the depressed dad who enlists his son to care for the younger kids—even the well-intentioned divorced couple who give their children the freedom to come and go at will between their two neighboring homes.

The most common ways that co-parents draw their kids into the middle are no less harmful, but they are much harder to see. These are the subtle, quiet, and usually well-intentioned ways in which that safety net woven between two caregivers is slowly torn to shreds. They can be classified into five types.
When was the last time you made one of these mistakes?

1. -Arguing about consequences in front of the kids. Perhaps the most common trap that co-parents fall into sounds like this:
-   'Billy,' one caregiver says, 'that behavior is unacceptable! You're grounded for a month!'
-   'Just a minute,' the other caregiver replies, right there in front of the child. 'That's way too harsh. I think he should only be grounded for a week!'
-   Suddenly, the conflict has shifted from the child and one parent to the two co-parents, leaving Billy on the sidelines, stirred up with feelings about the unacceptable behavior, and now amplified by the fact that he's caused (yet another) fight between his parents. This is a recipe for disaster.
-   'I already gave him a consequence!'
-   'And I'm changing it! I'm his father, and I'm in charge. Billy, it's only a week!
-   Father, in this instance, may have changed Billy's punishment, but much more significantly, he undermined Mother's authority. What will happen next time Mom tries to punish Billy? Right: Billy will run to Dad. Mom has lost respect and control. A subtle alliance between Billy and Dad has been built against Mom.
-   In a healthier interaction, Mom would have enforced an existing consequence. Last time Billy did something similar, an...